It is not just artemisinin: Artemisia sp. for treating diseases including malaria and schistosomiasis

Gruessner, Brian M.; Cornet-Vernet, Lucile; Desrosiers, Matthew R.; Lutgen, Pierre; Towler, Melissa J.; Weathers, Pamela J.

doi:10.1007/s11101-019-09645-9

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…Although most in vitro methods of propagation would be prohibitively expensive and also risk loss of productivity if cultures dedifferentiate, A. annua readily roots from shoot cuttings grown in soil for 2–3 weeks. The Weathers lab recently reported artemisinin levels and total flavonoid content of the SAM cultivar of A. annua that was propagated at least annually over 7 yrs only by rooted cuttings and grown in different soil locations, in pots in growth chambers and on lighted windowsills (Gruessner et al 2019 ). Analysis of dried leaf samples harvested pre-anthesis over that time had artemisinin and total flavonoid contents of 1.3 ± 0.2% and 0.5 ± 0.09% (w/w), respectively.…”

Section: Artemisinin Enhancement Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing artemisinin content in and delivery from Artemisia annua: a review of alternative, classical, and transgenic approaches

Wani

Choudhary

Zehra

et al. 2021

Planta

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Section: Artemisinin Enhancement Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing artemisinin content in and delivery from Artemisia annua: a review of alternative, classical, and transgenic approaches

Wani

Choudhary

Zehra

et al. 2021

Planta

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“…Total flavonoid content was measured by the AlCl 3 method of Arvouet-Grand et al 1994 [25]. The A. annua used remains consistent in its phytochemical content over time as detailed in Weathers and Towler 2014 [26] and Gruessner et al 2019 [27]. The A. afra used was from one batch of dried leaves for all experiments and was thus phytochemically consistent.…”

Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dried Leaf Artemisia Annua Improves Bioavailability of Artemisinin via Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and Enhances Artemisinin Efficacy Downstream

2020

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Artemisia annua L. and artemisinin, have been used for millennia to treat malaria. We used human liver microsomes (HLM) and rats to compare hepatic metabolism, tissue distribution, and inflammation attenuation by dried leaves of A. annua (DLA) and pure artemisinin. For HLM assays, extracts, teas, and phytochemicals from DLA were tested and IC50 values for CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 were measured. For tissue distribution studies, artemisinin or DLA was orally delivered to rats, tissues harvested at 1 h, and blood, urine and feces over 8 h; all were analyzed for artemisinin and deoxyartemisinin by GC-MS. For inflammation, rats received an intraperitoneal injection of water or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 70 mg/kg oral artemisinin as pure drug or DLA. Serum was collected over 8 h and analyzed by ELISA for TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10. DLA-delivered artemisinin distributed to tissues in higher concentrations in vivo, but elimination remained mostly unchanged. This seemed to be due to inhibition of first-pass metabolism by DLA phytochemicals, as demonstrated by HLM assays of DLA extracts, teas and phytochemicals. DLA was more effective than artemisinin in males at attenuating proinflammatory cytokine production; the data were less conclusive in females. These results suggest that the oral consumption of artemisinin as DLA enhances the bioavailability and anti-inflammatory potency of artemisinin.

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“… 26 Used in malarial infection. 27 Artemisinin and its derivatives can bind any of SARS-CoV-2 target proteins (ie its glycoprotein, spike ectodomain structural protein, main protease, or spike receptor-binding domain), preventing viral binding to the host’s ACE2 receptor. 26 , 28 Potentially causative.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of Ethnomedical COVID-19 Treatment: A Literature Review

Aprilio¹,

Wilar²

2021

IDR

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The emergence of COVID-19 as a new pandemic in the modern era has led the public to a new perspective of health. In the earlier days of the COVID-19 pandemic, many factors made people go on their own ways in finding its supposed "cure". With conventional medicines' limited availability and access, traditional medicines become more appealing due to its widespread availability and increased perception of safety. Several herbal medicines are then believed to be able to alleviate or cure COVID-19 and its symptoms. Similarities and patterns in herbal medicines being used show local wisdom of the respective communities regarding their knowledge of diseases and its treatment, known as ethnomedicine. Despite not being approved yet by regulatory bodies as a definitive guideline in COVID-19 management, the application of ethnomedicine results in several herbal medicine candidates that show a promising result regarding its efficacy in managing COVID-19. This literature review aims to study how a society and its knowledge of medicine responds to a new and currently developing disease, and whether if that knowledge merits further study in search of a cure for the pandemic. Furthermore, the narrative aspect in this review also explores socio-politics and public health aspects and considerations of non-conventional COVID-19 treatment.

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It is not just artemisinin: Artemisia sp. for treating diseases including malaria and schistosomiasis

Cited by 24 publications

References 107 publications

Enhancing artemisinin content in and delivery from Artemisia annua: a review of alternative, classical, and transgenic approaches

Enhancing artemisinin content in and delivery from Artemisia annua: a review of alternative, classical, and transgenic approaches

Dried Leaf Artemisia Annua Improves Bioavailability of Artemisinin via Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and Enhances Artemisinin Efficacy Downstream

Emergence of Ethnomedical COVID-19 Treatment: A Literature Review

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