Achievement evaluation in school contexts may be considered as a kind of social judgment, which is affected by social and moral determinants since it is not merely an estimation of pupils' accomplishment (Dompnier, Pansu, & Bressoux, 2006;Weiner, 2003). Teachers' judgments have been investigated starting from the analysis of two theoretical approaches: the norm of internality (Dubois, 2003), and the attributional approach to social motivation (Weiner, 2006). In order to study the social valorization of internal explanations referring to effort in school context, an empirical research has been conducted. Our study investigates how teachers evaluate fictitious pupils, which are supposed to explain events by means of different types of causal explanations. According to our results, pupils providing effort-based explanations receive more positive judgments. Findings are discussed by considering effort as a key principle of school environments.Achievement evaluation in school contexts may be considered as a kind of social judgment, which is affected by social and moral determinants, since it is not merely an estimation of pupils' accomplishment. The perceived causality of school failure/success, or the causes indicated by pupils to explain achievement-related events, have been explored as determinants of teachers' judgment by two main theoretical approaches, i.e., the norm of internality (Beauvois & Dubois, 1988, for a review: Pansu, Dubois, & Dompnier, this special issue), and the attributional approach as conceptualized by Weiner (2006, for a review: Reyna, this special issue).Several studies show that pupils and teachers explain school results (success or failure) through internal causal attribution on ability (cognitive abilities, aptitudes, skills or expertise),