Ivermectin‐induced blindness treated with intravenous lipid therapy in a dog

Abstract

Ivermectin toxicity occurs in dogs with apparent blindness being a common clinical sign. This is the first case report of ivermectin-induced blindness evaluated with ERG before and after treatment with IVL in a dog unaffected by the multidrug resistance gene mutation. Treatment with an infusion of IVL therapy appeared to shorten the clinical course of disease in this patient without affecting ERG results.

Retinopathy associated with ivermectin toxicosis in five cats

“…Previous findings suggest the involvement of intracranial 16 and retinal 7,8 processes. γ-Amino butyric acid is considered the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian retina, 20 and it plays an important role in processing visual information.…”

“…7 Similar funduscopic and ERG findings have also been reported for a Jack Russell Terrier with ivermectin toxicosis that was treated by IV administration of a lipid solution. 8 In all 3 dogs, fundic abnormalities combined with diminished ERG responses suggested blindness of retinal origin. In contrast, ophthalmoscopic and ERG findings were unremarkable in the aforementioned mule foal, which suggests that a central mechanism for the blindness was associated with ivermectin toxicosis in that animal.…”

Treatment of Pieris Ingestion in Goats with Intravenous Lipid Emulsion

“…ILE is most commonly used as therapy in the poisoned patient who has been exposed to a lipophilic substance such as local anesthetics or, in veterinary cases, macrocytic lactones such as ivermectin and moxidectin in dogs, cats, and horses, and pesticides such as permethrin in cats [3,5,[8][9][10]. The mechanism of action of ILE is not known, and several theories have been put forward.…”

“…Based on the lipid sink theory, compounds with an octanol/ water partition coefficient >1 will partition to the lipid phase of the plasma [8]. The octanol/water partition coefficient for grayanotoxins was not available to the authors, but grayanotoxin I is soluble in some organic solvents with polar and nonpolar properties such as ethanol and acetic acid and moderately to very slightly soluble in some organic solvents such as hot chloroform, benzene, ether, and petroleum ether [15].…”

Use of Intravenous Lipid Emulsion in Dogs With Suspected Tremorgenic Mycotoxicosis: 53 Cases

“…ILE was initially used to treat local anaesthetic overdoses in people. In recent years, reports of the use of ILE in veterinary medicine has increased (Fernandez et al, 2011;Epstein et al, 2013;Bates et al, 2013) and is advocated by the VPIS and the Animal Poison Control Center (APCC) for toxicoses associated with fatsoluble agents. The exact mechanism of action for ILE has yet to be determined.…”