IX. <i>Chemical analysis by spectrum-observations</i>

Kirchhoff,

doi:10.1080/14786446008642913

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although street lighting has been widespread in the UK since the 1930s, there has been recent, widespread replacement of narrowspectrum orange low-pressure sodium lamps and high-pressure sodium lamps by broad-spectrum 'white' LED lighting (Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution, 2009;De Almeida et al, 2014;Pawson and Bader, 2014;Rowse et al, 2016). Low-pressure sodium lamps have a narrow spectral emission dominated by the D-lines near 589 nm (Kirchhoff and Bunsen, 1860), whereas typical 'white' LED street lights have a broad spectrum with a short wavelength peak near 450 nm and a broad, long wavelength peak spanning ∼490-690 nm (Elvidge et al, 2010;Rowse et al, 2016). The spectral sensitivity of L. noctiluca photoreceptors is unknown but those of Photinus fireflies have narrow spectral sensitivities, which suggests that the emission spectrum of low-pressure sodium lights may interfere less with female glow worm signals than broadspectrum LED street lights, though this remains untested.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial lighting impairs mate attraction in a nocturnal capital breeder

Stewart

Perl

Niven

2020

Journal of Experimental Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Artificial lighting at night (ALAN) is increasingly recognised as having negative effects on many organisms, though the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Glow worms are likely susceptible to ALAN because females use bioluminescence to signal to attract males. We quantified the impact of ALAN by comparing the efficacy of traps that mimicked females to attract males in the presence or absence of a white artificial light source (ALS). Illuminated traps attracted fewer males than did traps in the dark. Illuminated traps closer to the ALS attracted fewer males than those further away, whereas traps in the dark attracted similar numbers of males up to 40 m from the ALS. Thus, ALAN impedes females' ability to attract males, the effect increasing with light intensity. Consequently, ALAN potentially affects glow worms' fecundity and long-term population survival. More broadly, this study emphasises the potentially severe deleterious effects of ALAN upon nocturnal insect populations.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial lighting impairs mate attraction in a nocturnal capital breeder

Stewart

Perl

Niven

2020

Journal of Experimental Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the early 1870s, Climent Timiriazeff pointed out the mistakes in these experiments. Being inspired by fundamental ideas on thermodynamics of Mayer (1845) [12] and Tyndall (1863) [13] and empowered by spectrum analysis techniques developed by Kirchhoff and Bunsen (1860) [14] and already employed by Stokes (1864) [15,16] for solving problems of organic matter, he demonstrated that the photosynthetic action spectrum coincides with the absorption spectrum of chlorophyll. This finding implied the involvement of chlorophyll in photosynthesis.…”

Section: The Milestones Of Plant Photobiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrum of Light as a Determinant of Plant Functioning: A Historical Perspective

Ptushenko

Solovchenko

2020

Life

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The significance of the spectral composition of light for growth and other physiological functions of plants moved to the focus of “plant science” soon after the discovery of photosynthesis, if not earlier. The research in this field recently intensified due to the explosive development of computer-controlled systems for artificial illumination and documenting photosynthetic activity. The progress is also substantiated by recent insights into the molecular mechanisms of photo-regulation of assorted physiological functions in plants mediated by photoreceptors and other pigment systems. The spectral balance of solar radiation can vary significantly, affecting the functioning and development of plants. Its effects are evident on the macroscale (e.g., in individual plants growing under the forest canopy) as well as on the meso- or microscale (e.g., mutual shading of leaf cell layers and chloroplasts). The diversity of the observable effects of light spectrum variation arises through (i) the triggering of different photoreceptors, (ii) the non-uniform efficiency of spectral components in driving photosynthesis, and (iii) a variable depth of penetration of spectral components into the leaf. We depict the effects of these factors using the spectral dependence of chloroplast photorelocation movements interlinked with the changes in light penetration into (light capture by) the leaf and the photosynthetic capacity. In this review, we unfold the history of the research on the photocontrol effects and put it in the broader context of photosynthesis efficiency and photoprotection under stress caused by a high intensity of light.

show abstract

“…The history of science lists many more mistakes than the actual number of chemical elements. One of the significant divides in the history of chemistry is the introduction of atomic spectroscopy in Heidelberg, which was published in 1860 by chemist Robert Wilhelm Eberhard Bunsen (1811-1899) and physicist Gustav Robert Kirchoff (1824-1887) [13,14]. This method is based on creating atoms (usually in the plasma of a chemical flame) and then analyzing the light they emit.…”

Section: Discrepancies In the Early Periodic Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Taking into account the scientific information known in the middle of the 19th century, it is probably fair to say that chemistry was ready for the discovery of the periodic table: there were numerous independent attempts at organizing the elements known at that time, atomic masses were mostly (correctly) determined, and the introduction of the spectroscopic method in 1860 [13,14] reduced the incidence of false element identifications (although did not eliminate them entirely), which was a major problem hindering any element-systematization work in the first half of the 19th century.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Where Mendeleev was wrong: predicted elements that have never been found

Lente

2019

ChemTexts

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This contribution gives a detailed account of the element predictions Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev made after setting up the periodic table of the elements in 1869, with a special focus on those that turned out to be unsuccessful. It is argued that most of these instances are connected to a general inability to place the rare earth metals correctly into the system. Furthermore, details of conceiving the ideas for two lighter-than-hydrogen elements, newtonium and coronium, are discussed. An attempt is made to retro-engineer the sequence of thought that led Mendeleev to extrapolate atomic masses for these elements.

show abstract

IX. Chemical analysis by spectrum-observations

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Artificial lighting impairs mate attraction in a nocturnal capital breeder

Artificial lighting impairs mate attraction in a nocturnal capital breeder

Spectrum of Light as a Determinant of Plant Functioning: A Historical Perspective

Where Mendeleev was wrong: predicted elements that have never been found

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About