“…Over the past century, these philosophizing scientists have included Marian Smoluchowski, Tadeusz Garbowski, Zygmunt Zawirski, and many others (see, for example, Heller and M ączka, 2007;Polak, 2011b,a;2018). Following World War II, cooperation between philosophers and scientists developed in Krakow, mainly among the friends of Karol Wojtyła (Heller and M ączka, 2006;Trombik, 2021;2022). At the time, physicists associated with the Jagiellonian University were widely influential in this milieu, alongside others including Jerzy Janik and Andrzej Fuliński.…”