2022
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd015209
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Janus kinase inhibitors for the treatment of COVID-19

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Cited by 35 publications
(32 citation statements)
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“…In particular, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved ponatinib, a kinase inhibitor, is able to inhibit cytokine release caused by the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein [ 20 ]. Similarly, inhibitors of JAK-STAT represent an encouraging therapeutic strategy to counteract the progression to more severe conditions [ 21 , 22 ], given the deep involvement of this transduction pathway in the onset of cytokine storms in COVID-19 [ 23 ]. Baricitinib, in particular, has been recently approved by FDA for the treatment of hospitalized patients requiring supplemental oxygen [ 24 ]; in clinical trials, baricitinib treatment was associated with clinical and radiologic recovery, a rapid decline in SARS-CoV-2 viral load, and inflammatory markers including IL-6 levels [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In particular, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved ponatinib, a kinase inhibitor, is able to inhibit cytokine release caused by the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein [ 20 ]. Similarly, inhibitors of JAK-STAT represent an encouraging therapeutic strategy to counteract the progression to more severe conditions [ 21 , 22 ], given the deep involvement of this transduction pathway in the onset of cytokine storms in COVID-19 [ 23 ]. Baricitinib, in particular, has been recently approved by FDA for the treatment of hospitalized patients requiring supplemental oxygen [ 24 ]; in clinical trials, baricitinib treatment was associated with clinical and radiologic recovery, a rapid decline in SARS-CoV-2 viral load, and inflammatory markers including IL-6 levels [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In contrast to the four previously published meta-analyses that have summarized published studies of JAK inhibitors (10)(11)(12)(13), this research included the latest random control trials and observational studies on the efficacy of JAK inhibitors, and also conducted a systematic pairwise meta-analysis. In the recently published meta-analysis that only included RCTs, the meta-analysis results of mortality were the same as ours, but the subjects of baricitinib included in the study accounted for 97% of the total subjects, so the results of the study were mainly affected by baricitinib.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Four previous meta-analyses have reported that JAK inhibitors could be beneficial in the treatment of COVID-19 (8)(9)(10)(11). However, all of these studies were pairwise meta-analyses comparing the JAK inhibitors with the standard of care (SOC).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…病的诊治中,例如:系统性狼疮、类风湿性关节炎、过敏性鼻炎、支气管哮喘、接触性和特应性皮 炎等 [34] 。 控制COVID-19患者体内的细胞因子水平是救治中度、重度患者并降低患者死亡率的关键。在 SARS-CoV-2的刺突蛋白作为受体与血管紧张素转化酶2 (AEC2)大量结合后, 会促发系列复杂因子的 表达,最终导致肺部的过度炎症与细胞因子风暴。如果不加以控制,患者的病情会继续恶化,后出 现弥漫性肺损伤、呼吸衰竭甚至死亡 [35] 。因此除了抑制SARS-CoV-2的复制之外,控制COVID-19患 者体内的细胞因子水平也显得十分重要 [36] 。 Dexamethasone对炎症反应过程有抑制作用,在胸腺细胞中与糖皮质激素受体的结合,通过一系 列信号通路诱导了caspase-8/caspase-3的活化,促使细胞凋亡,抑制免疫反应 [35] 。同时Dexamethasone 还可以通过CD28通路抑制成熟T细胞的增殖,可有助于降低人体内细胞因子的表达 [37] 。 有研究指出,Dexamethasone可以将使用呼吸机的COVID-19患者死亡率降低1/3 [34] 。在一些抗病 毒药物的试验中,Dexamethasone也作为了一种重要/辅助治疗手段。例如在登记为NCT04425863研究 中,研究人员在研究伊维菌素(Ivermectin)的药效时,搭配的辅助药物就是Dexamethasone。在另一项 关于Dexamethasone辅助治疗的试验(NCT04381936)也显示Dexamethasone可以降低患者死亡率。 一项 早期研究中,在随机分配的基础上,2104名患者在接受Dexamethasone额外治疗后28天后死亡率为 22.9%,而拥有4321名患者的常规治疗组死亡率为25.7%;但是如若对比两组中需要呼吸通气的患者 的存活/死亡数据则有很大差距(29.3% vs. 49.2%) [38] 。 但是Dexamethasone的使用有可能增加动脉粥样硬化、高血压、糖尿病和骨质疏松症等疾病的风 险;在一项动物试验中,研究人员也发现Dexamethasone的使用会导致大鼠体重上升、高血糖与骨质 疏松 [39] ,因此在非重症患者的体内,不建议使用Dexamethasone进行辅助治疗。 4.2 Baricitinib Baricitinib (INCB28050)是一种可逆的Janus相关激酶(JAK)抑制剂,广泛被运用于治疗中度、重 度的类风湿性关节炎(RA) [40] [41] 。 Baricitinib于2022年5月获得FDA的紧急使用授权(EUA),向需要补氧/有创机械通气/ECMO、年 龄≥ 2岁的住院COVID-19成人和儿科患者提供治疗。目前的临床数据显示,在接受Baricitinib治疗的 COVID-19患者会出现炎症标志物的减少与氧合改善 [42] 。在一项大型、双盲、随机安慰剂实验中 (NCT04401579),研究发现,接受Baricitinib与Remdesivir联合治疗的患者相比于单独接受Remdesivir 治疗中位恢复时间更低(7天vs.8天)、第15天的临床改善现象提高30%;在接受高流量氧气、无创通气 的患者中,接受Baricitinib的辅助治疗效果也更明显 [43] 。Baricitinib在临床应用中与Dexamethasone相 似,有研究(EUPAS34966)指出在中、重度患者的救治中,联合使用Baricitinib与类固醇药物具有更好 的疗效,肺功能在出院后可以得到更大的改善 [44] 。但是对于无症状、轻症状(非住院)患者,目前尚 无临床数据表明Baricitinib疗法是有效、安全的 [45] (PLpro)也被认为是相关药物设计的关键靶点,在病毒复制以及干扰宿主的免疫应答等多种功能中发 挥作用,是未来研究的趋势之一 [46] 。相关候选药物中,研究者已经报导了GRL0617及其几个类似物 对SARS-CoV-2表现出一定的抑制作用 [47] 。 除了常规的药物设计和筛选模式, 人工智能在辅助开发COVID-19小分子化学药物也具有一定应 用前景。2020年2月,Richardson P.等报导了通过人工智能技术从现有文献中筛选出已上市药物 Baricitinib是潜在治疗新冠肺炎的药物,该技术利用药物信息知识图谱筛选出6种AAK1抑制剂,并最 终建议Baricitinib在COVID-19患者中开展临床试验的候选药物 [48] 。 总体上,通过干预病毒生命周期主要环节的靶向药物设计的策略,利用药物虚拟筛选并结合人工 智能技术辅助药物筛选,有利于寻找有效抑制SARS-CoV-2的候选化合物,可能成为这类小分子药物 研发的趋势之一。 参 考 文 献…”
Section: Dexamethasoneunclassified