Japanese Direct Investment in the European Community: The Product Cycle Revisited

The impact of foreign direct investment on host country exports: A meta‐analysis

“…On the macro-level, such multinational activity would mean that the inflows of foreign direct investment in host countries lead to an increase in their exports. Kojima (1973) and Thomsen (1993) discuss these host country implications of the life-cycle theory in greater detail. In this sense, the theory was used as a theoretical background for the empirical study by Lall and Mohammad (1983), whereas Barry and Bradley (1997) and Tsitouras and Nikas (2016) used the theory to explain their empirical results concerning the impact of foreign direct investment on host-country exports.…”

Can Globalisation and Global Localisation Explain Foreign Direct Investment? Japanese Firms in Europe

“…(4) The PLC. Thomsen (1993) argued against the `Fortress Europe' hypothesis and certain kinds of location-specific advantages, such as government inducements, and put forward a strong case for the appropriateness of PLC. It is suggested that this model provides a compelling rationale for the pattern of Japanese manufacturing investment in the EU (see also Nicolaides and Thomsen, 1991).…”

The Distribution of Foreign Direct Investment in Vietnam: an Analysis of its Determinants

“…When the decision is made to locate overseas rather than export or license, the TNC faces two interrelated decisions; 17 it needs to decide upon (i) a suitable host country within an overall region, and (ii) a specific province within the host country to invest in. A substantial number of empirical studies have identified the variables, both economic and institutional, which influence the TNC's choice of a given host country: labour costs (Kravis and Lipsey, 1982;Yamawaki, 1993); the availability of skilled labour (Hasegawa, 1996;6 hUallachain and Reid, 1992); market proximity (Thomsen, 1993); financial assistance (Taylor, 1993), and the existence of a business infrastructure 18 (Dunning, 1993;Yamawaki, 1993). The level of bureaucracy, socio-political stability, and other risk factors have been introduced in some econometric studies.…”