« Je suis Charlie » : New Findings on the Social and Political Psychology of Terrorism [« Je suis Charlie » : Nouvelles Avancées en Psychologie Sociale et Politique du Terrorisme]

Nugier, Armelle; Guimond, Serge

doi:10.5334/irsp.60

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However, Charlie Hebdo was known for its freedom of expression and irreverence on religious matters (Mignot & Goffette, 2015 Nugier & Guimond, 2016). This could make religious Muslims as well as Catholics quite ambivalent toward the rallies for Charlie, and place them at odds with the general atmosphere.…”

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confidence: 99%

Who were the « Charlie » in the Streets? A Socio-Political Approach of the January 11 Rallies [Qui étaient Les “Charlie” dans la rue ? Approche Socio-Politique des Rassemblements du 11 Janvier]

Mayer¹,

Tiberj

2016

rips

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On the 11 th of January 2015, France experienced its largest demonstration since World War Two, in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks against Charlie Hebdo and the Hyper Casher supermarket. Rapidly though the profiles and motivations of the participants to the rallies were questioned. Were they "good citizens" marching in defense of freedom of expression, tolerance and republican values? Or were they actually expressing their rejection of Islam and Muslims, as suggested by the demographer Emmanuel Todd (2015)? To answer these questions this article takes a social movement approach and draws from the data of a national opinion poll conducted two months after the attacks. First, the results show that the "Charlie" in the streets had the usual profile of demonstrators mobilized on post-materialist issues: They were overrepresented among young, urban, educated, leftwing, and tolerant citizens. Second, they highlight the importance of the religious factor: Muslims were less inclined to say they had participated to the rallies, and practicing Catholics to say they wished they had. Last, they show that terrorism does not automatically trigger an authoritarian dynamic, on the contrary. Its effects depend on how the issue is framed in social and political discourses.Keywords: Social movements; terrorism; Charlie-Hebdo; politics; religion Le 11 janvier 2015, les attentats contre Charlie Hebdo et l'Hyper Casher ont suscité les plus grandes manifestations que la France ait connues depuis la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Assez vite cependant le profil et les motivations des manifestants ont été mis en cause. S'agissait-il de "bons citoyens" marchant pour la défense de la liberté d'expression, de la tolérance et des valeurs républicaines? Ou n'exprimaient-ils pas plutôt leur rejet de l'Islam et des Musulmans, comme le suggérait le démographe Emmanuel Todd (2015)? Pour répondre à ces questions cet article, inscrit dans la sociologie des mouvements sociaux, s'appuie sur les données d'une enquête nationale par sondage conduite deux mois après les attentats. Les résultats montrent, d'abord, que les manifestants pro "Charlie" avaient le profil habituel des manifestants mobilisés pour des causes post-matérialistes : surreprésentation des citoyens jeunes, urbains, instruits, de gauche et tolérants. Ensuite ils soulignent l'importance du facteur religieux. Les Musulmans ont été moins enclins à dire qu'ils avaient manifesté, et les Catholiques pratiquants à dire qu'ils auraient souhaité le faire. Ils montrent enfin que le terrorisme ne déclenche pas automatiquement une dynamique autoritaire, au contraire. Tout dépend de la manière dont le problème est cadré dans les discours socio-politiques.

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confidence: 99%

Who were the « Charlie » in the Streets? A Socio-Political Approach of the January 11 Rallies [Qui étaient Les “Charlie” dans la rue ? Approche Socio-Politique des Rassemblements du 11 Janvier]

Mayer¹,

Tiberj

2016

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“…The massacre was followed by shooting in southern suburbs of Paris and hostage taking in Paris kosher supermarket "Hyper Cacher" where four hostages were killed. Highly efficient civil security response took place to pursue the murderers, who were finally shot by the police two days later in northern suburbs of Paris (see also Nugier & Guimond, 2016). These three days of terror not only shattered French citizens' sense of security but were followed by huge spontaneous manifestations of solidarity all over the French territory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Charlie Hebdo Terror Attack in Paris: Follow-up of French Citizens’ Terrorist Threat Perception and Its Aftermath <br/> [L’attaque Terroriste de Charlie Hebdo à Paris : Evolution temporelle de la Perception de la Menace Terroriste et de ses Conséquences auprès des Citoyens Français]

Pelletier¹,

Drozda-Senkowska

2016

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Terrorism is one of the most frightful large-scale societal threats nowadays. The January 7, 2015 Charlie Hebdo terrorist attack in Paris shattered French's sense of security. The present research investigates French citizen's (N = 160) terrorist threat perception (personal vs. collective), behavioral changes, social sharing of emotions and perceived socioemotional climate using the social stage model of collective coping with disasters (Pennebaker & Harber, 1993). This study was conducted by a questionnaire at three points of time (i.e., one week, one month and two month) following the attack. The results suggest that terrorist threat perception has not decreased across time at the personal level nor at the collective level. However, the extent of social sharing of emotions and the positive socioemotional climate decreased from the initial emergency stage to the subsequent adaptation stage. Such findings point to the importance of taking temporality into account to provide better understanding of lay people's responses to terrorism.Keywords: Terrorism; threat perception; behavioral changes; social sharing of emotion; socioemotional climate Le terrorisme est l'une des menaces sociétales à grande échelle les plus effroyables de nos jours. L'attaque terroriste de Charlie Hebdo du 7 janvier 2015 à Paris a ébranlé le sentiment de sécurité des Français. La présente recherche examine la perception de la menace terroriste (personnelle vs. collective), les changements comportementaux, le partage social des émotions et le climat socio-émotionnel perçu auprès des citoyens français (N = 160) en se basant sur le modèle des étapes sociales de coping collectif avec les catastrophes (Pennebaker & Harber, 1993). Cette étude a été conduite par questionnaire à trois points temporels (c.-à-d., une semaine, un mois et deux mois) après l'attaque. Les résultats suggèrent que la perception de la menace terroriste n'a pas diminué à travers le temps, ni au niveau personnel, ni au niveau collectif. Toutefois, l'ampleur du partage social des émotions et du climat socio-émotionnel positif perçu a diminué entre la phase initiale d'urgence et la phase ultérieur d'adaptation. Ces résultats soulignent l'importance de la prise en compte de la temporalité pour une meilleure compréhension des réponses des personnes au terrorisme.

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“…A third limitation rests in the fact that we have little evidence to explain why one component of the French political model, Historical Laïcité, played an important role whereas the other component, Neo-Laïcité, did not. Previous research likewise reported null effects when predicting outgroup perceptions following jihadist terror through Neo-Laïcité (Anier et al, 2019;Nugier & Guimond, 2016). One explanation could be that Historical Laïcité is more relevant to the French context than Neo-Laïcité and therefore more influential on public opinions.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Psychological responses to jihadist terrorism: Exploring a small but significant opinion shift towards minority inclusion among French citizens in response to the Charlie Hebdo terrorist attacks

Lueders,

Wollast,

Nugier

et al. 2023

Political Psychology

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Experiences with jihadist terrorism sparked debates about the boundaries of religious expression within secular societies. Standpoints majority members hold in such discussions may be inclusive or exclusive towards religious minorities and inform wider intergroup perceptions. The present research explores these relationships in the context of the 2015 Charlie Hebdo terrorist attacks in Paris, France. Using longitudinal data from a diverse French sample (N = 558) collected before and after the attacks, we test whether within‐person changes in exclusionary and inclusionary interpretations of the French Laïcité principle can account for changes in public perceptions of context‐relevant minorities. Meta‐analytical findings suggest a small significant conservative shift after experiences with terrorism. Previous research conducted in the context of the Charlie Hebdo terrorist attacks departed from this pattern, however, without identifying underlying psychological mechanisms. Accordingly, the present data suggests a small but significant opinion shift in favor of context‐relevant minorities. This shifting was partially explained through an increased endorsement of an inclusionary interpretation of the Laïcité principle that stresses the freedom of religious expression. We offer a contextualized interpretation of our data, suggesting that the collective coping dynamics that followed the events (i.e., republican marches, #JeSuisCharlie) have been critical for the observed effects.

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« Je suis Charlie » : New Findings on the Social and Political Psychology of Terrorism [« Je suis Charlie » : Nouvelles Avancées en Psychologie Sociale et Politique du Terrorisme]

Cited by 20 publications

References 17 publications

Who were the « Charlie » in the Streets? A Socio-Political Approach of the January 11 Rallies [Qui étaient Les “Charlie” dans la rue ? Approche Socio-Politique des Rassemblements du 11 Janvier]

Who were the « Charlie » in the Streets? A Socio-Political Approach of the January 11 Rallies [Qui étaient Les “Charlie” dans la rue ? Approche Socio-Politique des Rassemblements du 11 Janvier]

The Charlie Hebdo Terror Attack in Paris: Follow-up of French Citizens’ Terrorist Threat Perception and Its Aftermath <br/> [L’attaque Terroriste de Charlie Hebdo à Paris : Evolution temporelle de la Perception de la Menace Terroriste et de ses Conséquences auprès des Citoyens Français]

Psychological responses to jihadist terrorism: Exploring a small but significant opinion shift towards minority inclusion among French citizens in response to the Charlie Hebdo terrorist attacks

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