Jeffersonian Democracy and the Fisheries Revisited

McHugh, J. L.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-5467-6_4

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The creation of spawner sanctuaries assures a continued supply of new recruits into ecosystems and, in some ways, mimics a situation present on Long Island in the middle of twentieth century when duck farms were prominent along south shore lagoonal estuaries (Great South Bay, Moriches Bay) and forced the closure of northern sections of bays to shellfishing due to fecal contamination (Ryther, 1954;Swanson et al, 2010). This allowed large adult clams to become established in closed regions that produced settlers that recruited and grew in the southern regions of these estuaries and contributed to the largest harvests of hard clams ever recorded in NY (McHugh, 1983). Through the latter half of the twentieth century, duck farms closed, fecal contamination was reduced, northern regions of estuaries were re-opened to shellfishing, and were subsequently overharvested (Swanson et al, 2010).…”

Section: Prospects For Estuarine Ecosystem Restorationmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…During the past fifty years, the observed increase in eutrophication and decline in abundance of bivalve populations on Long Island and specifically Shinnecock Bay have been emblematic of global trajectories. During the 1970s, Long Island hosted the most prolific hard clam (Mercenaria mercenaria) fishery in the US (McHugh, 1983). Since that time and through the year 2012, landings of hard clams in the south shore lagoons of Long Island including Shinnecock Bay declined by more than 99% (NYSDEC, 1970(NYSDEC, -2011Kraeuter et al, 2008) and densities of hard clams declined by more than 20-fold (Weiss et al, 2007;Kraeuter et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rebuilding A Collapsed Bivalve Population, Restoring Seagrass Meadows, and Eradicating Harmful Algal Blooms In A Temperate Lagoon Using Spawner Sanctuaries

et al. 2022

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During the past century, bivalve populations across the globe have collapsed, resulting in negative ecosystem consequences due to their outsized impact on shallow estuaries. In response, there has been strong interest in the restoration of marine bivalve populations. Here, we present a decade-long restoration effort that sought to rebuild a collapsed (99.5% reduction in harvest) and recruitment-limited population of hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria) in Shinnecock Bay, NY, USA, using spawner sanctuaries: no-harvest zones where adults were planted at high densities (~27 m-2). Between 2012 to 2019, more than 3.2 million clams were planted in 64 discrete sanctuary plots (~1,850 m2 each) located in zones with maximal larval retention and sediment and seawater characteristics that would maximize the conditioning and spawning of adults. Hydrodynamic models, quantification of hard clam larvae, and spatial recruitment patterns demonstrated larvae spawned within sanctuaries were transported to regions where clam densities significantly increased 18-fold over seven years (2015-2021; p<0.001) and harvests significantly increased more than 16-fold over nine years (2012-2021; p<0.0001). Increases in populations and harvests were caused by smaller clams recruited within the time frame of the creation of spawner sanctuaries. Higher clam densities caused biological filtration times of the bay to decrease from up to three months at the start of the project to as low as 10 days in 2021. Concurrently, concentrations of the harmful brown tide alga, Aureococcus anophagefferens, and chlorophyll a significantly decreased (p<0.005) while water clarity and the extent of seagrass beds significantly increased (p<0.05). Increases in clam landings and improvements in water quality were not observed in adjacent lagoonal estuaries where restoration did not occur. Given these outcomes and the global need for rebuilding marine life, the implementation of spawner sanctuaries using the criteria set forth herein may be a promising approach for restoring hard clam and other bivalve populations in estuaries elsewhere.

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Section: Prospects For Estuarine Ecosystem Restorationmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rebuilding A Collapsed Bivalve Population, Restoring Seagrass Meadows, and Eradicating Harmful Algal Blooms In A Temperate Lagoon Using Spawner Sanctuaries

et al. 2022

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“…The standard theory of CPR dilemmas provides an explanation for many empirical events including the ruin of the Pacific sardine fishery (McHugh, 1972) and the Antarctic blue whale (Clark, 1977 Berkes (1985;, Blomquist and E. Ostrom (1985), Cordell and McKean (1987), Davis (1984), Runge (1981), Wilson (1977), Acheson (1975), McCay (1980), McKean (1987), Netting (1976), Siy (1982), Coward (1980), (Footnote continued)…”

Section: Existing Analyses Of Cpr Dilemma Situationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microconstitutional Change in Multiconstitutional Political Systems

Остром

1989

Rationality and Society

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This article presents an alternative approach to the development of a general theory of microconstitutional choice. The goal of the alternative approach is to identify conditions that affect the likelihood that individuals who face a common-pool resource dilemma will extract themselves from the situation by changing the rules affecting the structure of the situation. These conditions are viewed as variables affected by a situation rather than as assumptions or constants. Situations vary in their capability to generate better or worse information to fallible, learning individuals in the extent to which individuals share norms, in the symmetry of their interests, and in the type of rules regulating entry and use of common-pool resources. Predictions should be based on the specific configuration of these situation-specific variables.

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“…The complex interactions between the components within SESs have also been studied in commercial fisheries (McHugh 1975, Finlayson and McCay 1998, Acheson 2003, Augerot and Smith 2010, but urban sport fisheries have received little attention. Ours is the first study to apply robustness theory to an engineered, biological resource.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robustness or resilience? Managing the intersection of ecology and engineering in an urban Alaskan fishery

Krupa¹,

Chapin²,

Lovecraft³

2014

E&S

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ABSTRACT. Systems theories of robustness and resilience, which are derived from engineering and ecology, respectively, have been increasingly applied to social-ecological systems (SESs). Social-ecological robustness has been applied primarily to management of physical dimensions of SESs (e.g., water management) and resilience to management of ecological dimensions of SESs (e.g., rangelands). However, cases of highly engineered systems have yet to be adequately evaluated by either approach. We find the robustness framework serves to better explain management options of a highly engineered, ecologically-based SES, the lower Ship Creek fishery in Anchorage, Alaska, USA. Robustness applies well to this system because its dynamics are highly engineered through both structures and institutions. Even the salmon are products of a hatchery fishery that operates independently of many ecological variables and feedbacks within the system. However, robustness theory has yet to develop a prescriptive method for management that can assist practitioners. We conclude by applying Ostrom's design principles to the system dynamics to assess opportunities for increasing the robustness of this urban fishery.

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Jeffersonian Democracy and the Fisheries Revisited

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

Rebuilding A Collapsed Bivalve Population, Restoring Seagrass Meadows, and Eradicating Harmful Algal Blooms In A Temperate Lagoon Using Spawner Sanctuaries

Rebuilding A Collapsed Bivalve Population, Restoring Seagrass Meadows, and Eradicating Harmful Algal Blooms In A Temperate Lagoon Using Spawner Sanctuaries

Microconstitutional Change in Multiconstitutional Political Systems

Robustness or resilience? Managing the intersection of ecology and engineering in an urban Alaskan fishery

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