Jejunal atresia related to the use of toluidine blue in genetic amniocentesis in twins

Dinger, Jürgen; Autenrieth, Arnd; Kamin, G.; Goebel, Peter; Hinkel, G K

doi:10.1515/jpm.2003.037

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 15 publications

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“…Transplacental exposure initiates teratogenesis in the mouse (Tiboni and Lamonaca, 2001). Possible teratogenic avenues for toluidine blue are discussed (Dinger et al, 2003). A prior review addressed conceivable mechanisms for the conjugated iminium dye within the ET‐ROS‐OS framework (Kovacic and Jacintho, 2001b).…”

Section: Medicinalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of teratogenesis: Electron transfer, reactive oxygen species, and antioxidants

Kovacic

Somanathan

2006

Birth Defect Res C

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Teratogenesis has been a topic of increasing interest and concern in recent years, generating controversy in association with danger to humans and other living things. A veritable host of chemicals is known to be involved, encompassing a wide variety of classes, both organic and inorganic. Contact with these chemicals is virtually unavoidable due to contamination of air, water, ground, food, beverages, and household items, as well as exposure to medicinals. The resulting adverse effects on reproduction are numerous. There is uncertainty regarding the mode of action of these chemicals, although various theories have been advanced, e.g., disruption of the central nervous system (CNS), DNA attack, enzyme inhibition, interference with hormonal action, and insult to membranes, proteins, and mitochondria. This review provides extensive evidence for involvement of oxidative stress (OS) and electron transfer (ET) as a unifying theme. Successful application of the mechanistic approach is made to all of the main classes of toxins, in addition to large numbers of miscellaneous types. We believe it is not coincidental that the vast majority of these substances incorporate ET functionalities (quinone, metal complex, ArNO2, or conjugated iminium) either per se or in metabolites, potentially giving rise to reactive oxygen species (ROS) by redox cycling. Some categories, e.g., peroxides and radiation, appear to generate ROS by non-ET routes. Other mechanisms are briefly addressed; a multifaceted approach to mode of action appears to be the most logical. Our framework should increase understanding and contribute to preventative measures, such as use of antioxidants.

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Section: Medicinalsmentioning

confidence: 99%