Jet behavior of prismatic lithium-ion batteries during thermal runaway

A coupled conjugate heat transfer and CFD model for the thermal runaway evolution and jet fire of 18650 lithium-ion battery under thermal abuse

“…The Re is estimated according the measured gas velocity in Ref. [77], and the temperature dependent gas properties for κ, Re and Pr were taken as those of air and the temperature dependent emissivity was taken from Ref. [76].…”

Experimental analysis on comprehensive combustion performances of vehicle-level thermal runaway

“…EV fires usually result in heavy lost in property, which may cause the vehicle scrapping without timely extinguishing [5] . Owing to the severe internal reactions, the max temperature of eruptive fire may be higher than normal ones and the heat flow may burn the neighboring combustibles.…”

Thermal runaway features of large-format power lithium-ion cells under various thermal abuse patterns and capacities

“…[6][7][8][9][10][11] Although the detailed size of the jet re by a large-format power cell has not been measured yet, it can be estimated that a length of more than 3 meters can be easily attained based on the experimental phenomena. 6 According to the research of Peng et al, 7 the total heat release of a fullycharged 68 Ah cell during thermal runaway could reach 6.7 MJ, while that of an 18 650-format cells with a capacity of 1.3 Ah was only 97.7 kJ. 12 Considering the thermal runaway of a large-format cell would release quantities of toxic gases, Liu et al, 8 measured the gas releasing behaviour of an 243 Ah cell in the process of thermal runaway, and found that the maximum concentration for hydrogen uoride during testing was as high as 162 mg m −3 , which was much greater than the Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) limit of hydrogen uoride (24.6 mg m −3 ).…”