Job demands and job control as correlates of early retirement thoughts in Finnish social and health care employees

Elovainio, Marko; Forma, Pauli; Kivimäki, Mika; Sinervo, Timo; Sutinen, Risto; Laine, Marjukka

doi:10.1080/02678370500084623

Cited by 145 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Future studies with an increased sample size are needed to better elucidate this. Work-related psychological stress also increases the risk of retirement; thus, workers who suffer from psychological diseases are more vulnerable to early retirement 21) . A prospective study suggested that depression is also related to early retirement 22) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of illness and unhealthy behavior on health‐related early retirement in Korea: Results from a longitudinal study in Korea

Kang

Yoon²,

Yoon

2015

Journal of Occupational Health

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sion, diabetes, malignancy, arthritis, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, smoking, and obesity increased the risk of ERdHP. To enhance the sustainability of labor in an aging society, more studies on ERdHP are needed. (J Occup Health 2015; 57: 28-38) Key words: Aging, Cox proportional hazard model, Early retirement, Gender, Korean longitudinal data Involuntary early retirement is a serious financial concern for workers and their families 1) . Beyond the individual level, early retirement contributes to social problems. Because most industrialized countries have an increased life expectancy and reduced birth rates, social concern has developed with regard to increasing labor force participation and decreasing involuntary retirement 2) . Various studies have indicated that worker retired early due to illness even though they needed to work to maintain their economic lives 3) . Illness also affects restarting work participation after retirement in old age 4) . Some studies have shown that chronic disease affects early retirement 4) . Furthermore, studies that used self-perceived health status to investigate the effect of illness on early retirement 5) suggest that selfperceived health is a very important factor in the retirement process 6) . In addition, it is important to identify specific diseases related to early retirement in order to reduce the risk of early retirement. For example, workers with psychological diseases such as depression show higher job turnover, low productivity, and eventually high retirement rates 7) . Lower physical functioning, working error, and limitations at work are predictors of early retirement, and these factors are linked to musculoskeletal disorder 8) . Nevertheless, few The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of illness and unhealthy behavior on early retirement due to health problems (ERdHP) using Korean longitudinal data. Methods: This study used data collected from 3,508 subjects enrolled in the first to fourth phases of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA). This study was conducted from 2006 to 2012 using structured questionnaires on retirement, morbidities, and health-related behaviors. We adopted the Cox proportional hazard model to investigate the effects of diagnosed disease and health-related behaviors on ERdHP. Results: Participants who smoked, were obese, or suffered from hypertension, diabetes, malignancy, heart disease, stroke, or arthritis had a significantly higher risk of health-related early retirement after adjustment for gender, age, and occupation. Further, risk factors such as lack of exercise, stroke, arthritis, obesity, and malignancy differentially affect early retirement by gender. Conclusions: This is the first study, that we are aware of, to examine the effect of illness and unhealthy behavior on ERdHP in Asia, using Korean longitudinal data. We found that hyperten-

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of illness and unhealthy behavior on health‐related early retirement in Korea: Results from a longitudinal study in Korea

Kang

Yoon²,

Yoon

2015

Journal of Occupational Health

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“…Several authors (e.g., Siegrist et al 2007;Elovainio et al 2005;Schnalzenberger et al 2008) found a significant positive relationship between early retirement and poor working conditions. Especially workers with jobs characterized by little skill variety, little autonomy, and poor social relationships have a higher probability of withdrawing early from the labor force, as compared to workers with intrinsically motivating jobs (Beehr et al 2000).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants for the transition from work into retirement in Europe

2015

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We use the labor force ad hoc module "transition from work into retirement" to analyze the link between individual as well as pension system characteristics and planned retirement age within the European Union. We find that timing of retirement is correlated between partners who are, already at the stage of retirement planning. In richer countries of the EU15, standard retirement age seems to have a larger effect on planned retirement age than in poorer EU15 states or in new EU member states. The effect of pension wealth is largest in the new EU member states and smallest in rich EU15 countries. Furthermore, industry and occupation effects differ by country type.JEL codes: C21; J22; J26

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“…Many studies have examined more educated populations such as Finish health workers (Elovainio et al, 2005), British Civil Servants (Mein et al, 2000), and high school graduates in Wisconsin (Kubicek et al, 2010). Yet, there have been fewer studies of construction, manufacturing, and lower level service workers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Job Demand and Early Retirement

Modrek

Cullen

2012

SSRN Journal

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Policy initiatives such as increases in the full retirement age implicitly reduce benefits for early retirement. Yet research suggests that those in physically demanding jobs may be particularly adversely affected by such policies. We examine to what extent physical job demand relates to early retirement decisions in a population of aging manufacturing workers. We follow a cohort of approximately 1,500 stably employed male Alcoa employees aged 51-58 in 2001 followed forward to 2008. We use a variety of models to examine whether externally rated physical job demand at middle age is related to early retirement. We also examine whether pension eligibility and payouts induce earlier retirement, especially for those with more physically demanding jobs, while accounting for wage differentials, injury history, and underlying health. Our results suggest that workers whose jobs have high physical demand retire earlier after accounting for the wage differential and health. We also find that the minority of workers who transition to lower demand jobs, due to previous injury or health issues, are less likely to retire early. Finally, while we find evidence that pension eligibility and wealth accumulation induce earlier retirement, there was limited evidence of a difference by job demand.

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Job demands and job control as correlates of early retirement thoughts in Finnish social and health care employees

Cited by 145 publications

References 30 publications

Influence of illness and unhealthy behavior on health‐related early retirement in Korea: Results from a longitudinal study in Korea

Influence of illness and unhealthy behavior on health‐related early retirement in Korea: Results from a longitudinal study in Korea

Determinants for the transition from work into retirement in Europe

Job Demand and Early Retirement

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