Job satisfaction of nurses employed in rural and urban long‐term care facilities

Rt, Coward; Tl, Hogan; Rp, Duncan; Ch, Horne; Ma, Hilker; Lm, Felsen

doi:10.1002/nur.4770180310

Cited by 57 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This provides challenges from a psychometric perspective because a homogenous sample is preferred for psychometric assessments such as confirmatory factor analysis. There is evidence to suggest that healthcare aides differ on several psychological concepts; for example, conceptual research utilization [49], job satisfaction and burnout [50,51], and by ethnicity (of which first language spoken is a component). We, therefore, limited this initial assessment of the ACT with healthcare aides in nursing homes to individuals who spoke English as their first language.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing the argument for validity of the Alberta Context Tool with healthcare aides in residential long-term care

Estabrooks

Squires

Hayduk

et al. 2011

BMC Med Res Methodol

116

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BackgroundOrganizational context has the potential to influence the use of new knowledge. However, despite advances in understanding the theoretical base of organizational context, its measurement has not been adequately addressed, limiting our ability to quantify and assess context in healthcare settings and thus, advance development of contextual interventions to improve patient care. We developed the Alberta Context Tool (the ACT) to address this concern. It consists of 58 items representing 10 modifiable contextual concepts. We reported the initial validation of the ACT in 2009. This paper presents the second stage of the psychometric validation of the ACT.MethodsWe used the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing to frame our validity assessment. Data from 645 English speaking healthcare aides from 25 urban residential long-term care facilities (nursing homes) in the three Canadian Prairie Provinces were used for this stage of validation. In this stage we focused on: (1) advanced aspects of internal structure (e.g., confirmatory factor analysis) and (2) relations with other variables validity evidence. To assess reliability and validity of scores obtained using the ACT we conducted: Cronbach's alpha, confirmatory factor analysis, analysis of variance, and tests of association. We also assessed the performance of the ACT when individual responses were aggregated to the care unit level, because the instrument was developed to obtain unit-level scores of context.ResultsItem-total correlations exceeded acceptable standards (> 0.3) for the majority of items (51 of 58). We ran three confirmatory factor models. Model 1 (all ACT items) displayed unacceptable fit overall and for five specific items (1 item on adequate space for resident care in the Organizational Slack-Space ACT concept and 4 items on use of electronic resources in the Structural and Electronic Resources ACT concept). This prompted specification of two additional models. Model 2 used the 7 scaled ACT concepts while Model 3 used the 3 count-based ACT concepts. Both models displayed substantially improved fit in comparison to Model 1. Cronbach's alpha for the 10 ACT concepts ranged from 0.37 to 0.92 with 2 concepts performing below the commonly accepted standard of 0.70. Bivariate associations between the ACT concepts and instrumental research utilization levels (which the ACT should predict) were statistically significant at the 5% level for 8 of the 10 ACT concepts. The majority (8/10) of the ACT concepts also showed a statistically significant trend of increasing mean scores when arrayed across the lowest to the highest levels of instrumental research use.ConclusionsThe validation process in this study demonstrated additional empirical support for construct validity of the ACT, when completed by healthcare aides in nursing homes. The overall pattern of the data was consistent with the structure hypothesized in the development of the ACT and supports the ACT as an appropriate measure for assessing organizational context in nursing homes. ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing the argument for validity of the Alberta Context Tool with healthcare aides in residential long-term care

Estabrooks

Squires

Hayduk

et al. 2011

BMC Med Res Methodol

116

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is challenging from a psychometric perspective because a homogenous sample is preferred for psychometric assessments such as factor analysis. There is some evidence to suggest that healthcare aides differ on several psychological concepts, for example, job satisfaction and burnout [58,59], by ethnicity [60] of which first language spoken is a component. In our analysis, we found that healthcare aides who spoke English as their first language reported significantly lower scores on the CRU scale in comparison to healthcare aides who did not report English was their first language.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the conceptual research utilization scale: an application of the standards for educational and psychological testing in healthcare

Squires

Estabrooks

Newburn‐Cook

et al. 2011

BMC Health Serv Res

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BackgroundThere is a lack of acceptable, reliable, and valid survey instruments to measure conceptual research utilization (CRU). In this study, we investigated the psychometric properties of a newly developed scale (the CRU Scale).MethodsWe used the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing as a validation framework to assess four sources of validity evidence: content, response processes, internal structure, and relations to other variables. A panel of nine international research utilization experts performed a formal content validity assessment. To determine response process validity, we conducted a series of one-on-one scale administration sessions with 10 healthcare aides. Internal structure and relations to other variables validity was examined using CRU Scale response data from a sample of 707 healthcare aides working in 30 urban Canadian nursing homes. Principal components analysis and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to determine internal structure. Relations to other variables were examined using: (1) bivariate correlations; (2) change in mean values of CRU with increasing levels of other kinds of research utilization; and (3) multivariate linear regression.ResultsContent validity index scores for the five items ranged from 0.55 to 1.00. The principal components analysis predicted a 5-item 1-factor model. This was inconsistent with the findings from the confirmatory factor analysis, which showed best fit for a 4-item 1-factor model. Bivariate associations between CRU and other kinds of research utilization were statistically significant (p < 0.01) for the latent CRU scale score and all five CRU items. The CRU scale score was also shown to be significant predictor of overall research utilization in multivariate linear regression.ConclusionsThe CRU scale showed acceptable initial psychometric properties with respect to responses from healthcare aides in nursing homes. Based on our validity, reliability, and acceptability analyses, we recommend using a reduced (four-item) version of the CRU scale to yield sound assessments of CRU by healthcare aides. Refinement to the wording of one item is also needed. Planned future research will include: latent scale scoring, identification of variables that predict and are outcomes to conceptual research use, and longitudinal work to determine CRU Scale sensitivity to change.

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“…It was expected that smaller hospitals and workgroups would offer more opportunities for staff interaction and support, and would be likely to have lower workloads than in the larger hospital. This was suggested to some extent by Coward et al. (1995) who found that nurses in small rural hospitals reported higher Job Satisfaction than those in larger hospitals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Benchmarking occupational stressors and strain levels for rural nurses and other health sector workers

Albion¹,

Fogarty²,

Machin

2005

J Nurs Manag

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This study was conducted with 1097 employees (866 females, 217 males, 14 did not indicate gender) in a regional Health Service District (HSD) who completed the Queensland Public Agency Staff Survey (QPASS). Nurses' results on measures of organisational climate and psychological outcomes were compared with those of other employees in the HSD. Nurses reported less favourable outcomes on all but one of the organisational climate scales, and also were found to have more distress (strain), and lower levels of morale, job satisfaction, and quality of worklife than others. Results were generally less favourable for nurses working in the large regional hospital and in mental health than for nurses in other facilities.Strain Among Rural Nurses 3

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Job satisfaction of nurses employed in rural and urban long‐term care facilities

Cited by 57 publications

References 25 publications

Advancing the argument for validity of the Alberta Context Tool with healthcare aides in residential long-term care

Advancing the argument for validity of the Alberta Context Tool with healthcare aides in residential long-term care

Validation of the conceptual research utilization scale: an application of the standards for educational and psychological testing in healthcare

Benchmarking occupational stressors and strain levels for rural nurses and other health sector workers

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