John Bell and the most profound discovery of science

Whitaker, Andrew

doi:10.1088/2058-7058/11/12/24

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…John Bell, who worked for the renowned Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN) and was an admirer of Einstein [14], buried the idea of locality presented in the EPR paper. John Bell proved mathematically that the quantum entanglement was genuine and occurred without an implication of a hidden variable [15]. Therefore, the concept of locality for quantum entanglement dissipated.…”

Section: Planck's Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

6G Networks Orientation by Quantum Mechanics

Henrique

Prasad

2022

JICTS

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Quantum mechanics is a part of physics that studies the interactions of matter, light, and particles at the atomic and subatomic levels. Since its initial concepts in the early 1900s built upon extensive research of Nobel laureates such as Max Planck, Niels Bohr, Albert Einstein, and Richard Feynman, amongst others to the first proposed quantum computers by Paul Benioff in 1980, the concept of quantum technologies has evolved. Two central studies derived from quantum mechanics that can support and revolutionize future wireless technologies are quantum computers and quantum communications. The investigation for building the next generation of wireless networks has begun. Therefore, many technological opportunities for applying innovative solutions and advanced concepts are on the table as an option to unlock the full potential of 6G for providing an intelligent, superfast, and secure network. Having said that, quantum mechanics come into play to offer a breakthrough opportunity that will change the world since the popularization of the Internet, and it will propel 6G use cases to be remarkably successful, but only if quantum physics can be engineered and converged into the forementioned quantum technologies to support the achievement of Society 5.0. Therefore, overcoming the quantum challenges, 6G can benefit in many ways. One of them is Quantum computing (QC) that will surpass the computational capabilities of classic computers limited by binary transactions known as bits to resolve future challenges using quantum states to process information in quantum bits (Qubits). Correspondingly, quantum computing will merge with Artificial Intelligence (AI) to create a new model known as Quantum Machine Learning (QML) to deal with the exponential growth of Big Data faster than any existing computational model. In Addition, quantum communications will deliver a safer network, utilizing Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and inaugurate the next generation of the Internet, much safer for all. Thus, this paper presents a holistic overview of Quantum as a service (QaaS) as a future deployment in the 6G architecture, but only if quantum technologies can be mastered in the next upcoming years. Most likely that QaaS will become available for commercial purposes by the hyperscalers, the ones able to cope with the total cost of ownership (TCO) of these state of art technologies. This paper is divided by an introduction that summarizes the foundation of quantum mechanics, its laws, and the researchers’ pioneers responsible for setting the principles used to create the next generation of quantum technologies. In Section 2, there is a presentation of the core parts of quantum physics used to create quantum computers and quantum communications services, which includes the technological challenges to mature these technologies. Finally, in Section 3, the conclusions are presented.

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Section: Planck's Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

6G Networks Orientation by Quantum Mechanics

Henrique

Prasad

2022

JICTS

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“…11 I deduce that Bell never spoke with Bohr from his 1988 Omni interview, where he mentions that he was once in an elevator with Bohr, but did not work up the nerve to speak to him. For details about Bell's background, see (Whitaker 1998(Whitaker , 2016.…”

Section: Epistemological Lesson ≥ Measurement Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

John Bell on 'Subject and Object': an Exchange

Halvorson¹,

Butterfield²

2021

Preprint

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This three-part paper comprises: (i) a critique by Halvorson of Bell's (1973) paper 'Subject and Object'; (ii) a comment by Butterfield; (iii) a reply by Halvorson. An Appendix gives the passage from Bell that is the focus of Halvorson's critique.Part I: John Bell on Subject and Object; by H. Halvorson It's quite amazing that in the span of four short pages, John Bell can make the pioneers of quantum mechanics seem collectively like just so many addle-brains. I'm speaking here of Bell's article "Subject and Object". 1 I cannot deny the rhetorical effectiveness of this article. In fact, I consider it a model for how one can -with the effective application of insinuation and rhetorical question -render a view seemingly unworthy of serious consideration. Nonetheless, I cannot hold Bell's paper up as a paradigm of philosophical inquiry, because he gives so little effort to understanding what others were saying. We can do better, and we must do better, if we're ever going to make progress with the foundations of quantum physics.Bell begins his article by claiming that:1. Quantum mechanics is fundamentally about the results of "measurements".2. The subject-object distinction is needed for quantum mechanics, butBell then says that (3) is a serious defect that makes quantum mechanics "vague" and "intrinsically ambiguous" and "only approximately self-consistent." (We have included the complete text of the relevant passage in an appendix.) Let me begin by saying that I simply deny (1), i.e. that quantum mechanics is fundamentally about the results of measurements. I'm afraid that Bell has himself made a logical leap from "the quantum mechanical formalism needs a user" to "quantum mechanics is fundamentally about the results of measurements." There is a wide range of possibilities between these two extremes -e.g. that the quantum-mechanical formalism provides a means for translating facts about subatomic reality into a language that human beings can understand.I will grant that Bell is correct about (2), that the subject-object distinction is needed for quantum mechanics, but unfortunately, Bell has misunderstood the sense in which it is needed. He seems to think that quantum mechanics must describe the world as bifurcated into two parts -subject and object. If that were correct, then I would completely understand Bell's unease with the distinction. If the theory describes a world with two parts, then the theory should offer some guidance about what belongs to each part.But if you think about the meaning the word "subject", it quickly becomes obvious that it's not supposed to play the role of a predicate in the theory (unlike, say, "electron"). Rather, the idea is that a subject uses the theory to describe objects -and in the case at hand, these objects fall under the laws of quantum mechanics. The theory sees no subjects, it sees only objects, and so it has no need for specifying where and when the subject-object split occurs. Such a split is a necessary prerequisite to physical theorizing, when a subject decides to use a ...

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“…Only in 1965 was this "philosophical question" treated in the "most profound scientific discovery of the second half of the twentieth century" (Whitaker, 1998) -Bell's theorem. Based on the principles that our world exhibits real physical properties that are not created by its observation ("reality") and that objects can be individualized one from another so that what happens to one does not immediately affect the other ("separability"), John Bell (1928-1990 mathematically derived his "inequality" (Bell, 1964).…”

Section: Quantum Mechanicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Quantum Unconscious and the Observant Consciousness

Lucas¹

2016

PSYCH

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Based on the philosophy of Henri Bergson and the contemporary developments of Quantum Physics, I sought to demonstrate how these developments are incompatible with a positivist vision of reality, which is still influential in the scientific community. Specifically, in the field of Psychoanalysis, I have shown how this outdated epistemology has been responsible for a manic denial of the theories of Carl Gustav Jung and Wilfred Bion (later stage) as part of an immobilising allegiance to a schizo-paranoid functional tradition imposed by its founder. Finally, I have proposed that supported by the formulations of these renegade analysts, psychoanalysis can progress to a depressive position, eventually transmitting this integrated perspective of reality to the rest of the scientific community and postmodern society in general.

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John Bell and the most profound discovery of science

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

6G Networks Orientation by Quantum Mechanics

6G Networks Orientation by Quantum Mechanics

John Bell on 'Subject and Object': an Exchange

The Quantum Unconscious and the Observant Consciousness

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