John cunningham (JC) virus genotypes in kidney transplant recipients, rheumatoid arthritis patients and healthy individuals in Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

In healthy individuals John Cunningham virus is latent without any clinical signs, but in the cases of the use of immunosuppressive drugs in graft recipients, autoimmune diseases and also increasing of age, that the immune system is suppressed it may cause disease in reactivation. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is the well-known disease caused by the virus. It has also been associated with nephropathy and tumorogensis. At present, based on vp1 capsid gene 7 genotypes have been detected. Genetic variations of JC virus in different geographical areas and the presence of different subtypes is a useful tool for reconstructing of the genetic information of JC virus and understanding of its evolution. The aim of this study was to investigate different genotypes of the JC virus in the urine of 100 kidney transplant recipients, 43 rheumatoid arthritis patients, and 100 healthy individuals as control group in Isfahan. DNA was extracted by phenol-chloroform method and subjected to a nested PCR using specific primer for vp1 capsid gene designed by Oligo 7 software. Fisher's exact test was used for statistical analyses. Using MEGA 6 software the sequences were aligned using Clustal W tool and phylogenetic trees were constructed by neighbor joining method. Thirty-one positive samples were sequenced. Genotypes 1, 3, and 4 of the virus were detected for the first time in Iran. For the first time genotype 3 was reported as the dominant genotype in Iran. For the first time in the world, genotype 4 was detected in rheumatoid arthritis patients. J. Med. Virol. 89:337-344, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Viruria of Human BK Virus and John Cunningham Virus among Renal Transplant Recipients and Healthy Control in Southeast of Caspian Sea

“…On the other hand, reports on JCV in renal transplant receivers in Iran are limited to few studies. In that case, the prevalence of JCV in renal transplant receivers is almost ∼29.5% [12][13][14][15][16]. In the immunosuppressed transplant receivers, the rate of JCV is almost 38% [16,[19][20][21].…”

“…In that case, the prevalence of JCV in renal transplant receivers is almost ∼29.5% [12-16]. In the immunosuppressed transplant receivers, the rate of JCV is almost 38% [16, 19-21].…”

“…There are few studies on the prevalence of JCV among healthy and transplant recipients. Atabi et al [16] have found JCV among patients (43%) and healthy people (7%). Further evidence of JCV infection among renal transplant recipients is from the studies of Pezeshki and Ghods [21] and Bozorgi et al [13] on urine samples from 31 patients and 133 healthy controls, respectively.…”

“…The virus can lead to progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus [11]. The prevalence of the JCV was estimated to be 38.3–40% in the healthy population [12, 13], 16.8% in patients with rheumatoid arthritis [14], and 25.9% in the central nervous system [15]. Further studies in Iran shows the prevalence of JCV in renal transplant receivers is 43% [16].…”

Database and Statistical Analyses of Transcription Factor Binding Sites in the Non-Coding Control Region of JC Virus

“…This particular JCV presents a stable genomic structure and sequence and is referred to as the archetype [12,13]. Archetype JCV is detected in the urine of 7% to 46% of immunocompetent individuals [4,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27].…”