John locke on personal identityFNx08

Nimbalkar, Namita

doi:10.4103/0973-1229.77443

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…However, there was no clear homologue of an aha moment or an instance of revelation associated with insight. To move closer to "the perception of what passes in a man's own mind," this section considers Bayesian model selection and structure learning as a metaphor of understanding and self-knowledge, in the sense of Locke (Nimbalkar, 2011). It considers the fact that subjects not only have prior beliefs about the parameters of their models but also prior beliefs about models per se; for example, they know there are rules.…”

Section: Structure Learning and Bayesian Model Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Inference, Curiosity and Insight

et al. 2017

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This article offers a formal account of curiosity and insight in terms of active (Bayesian) inference. It deals with the dual problem of inferring states of the world and learning its statistical structure. In contrast to current trends in machine learning (e.g., deep learning), we focus on how people attain insight and understanding using just a handful of observations, which are solicited through curious behavior. We use simulations of abstract rule learning and approximate Bayesian inference to show that minimizing (expected) variational free energy leads to active sampling of novel contingencies. This epistemic behavior closes explanatory gaps in generative models of the world, thereby reducing uncertainty and satisfying curiosity. We then move from epistemic learning to model selection or structure learning to show how abductive processes emerge when agents test plausible hypotheses about symmetries (i.e., invariances or rules) in their generative models. The ensuing Bayesian model reduction evinces mechanisms associated with sleep and has all the hallmarks of "aha" moments. This formulation moves toward a computational account of consciousness in the pre-Cartesian sense of sharable knowledge (i.e., con: "together"; scire: "to know").

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Section: Structure Learning and Bayesian Model Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Inference, Curiosity and Insight

et al. 2017

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“…That approach does not differentiate between embryos edited for research purposes and edited embryos to be implanted. Conversely, prominent philosophers such as Kant, Locke and Fletcher have laid out criteria for identifying personhood closely tied to self-awareness, the capability to relate to others, self-control, rationality, and the use of memory, among others [ 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 ]. On the other hand, all such complexities and apparently irreconcilable views notwithstanding, there is no denying that banning or constraining research on human embryos could put a damper on scientific progress and stymie the development of therapies that could defeat currently untreatable diseases.…”

Section: Beyond Therapeutic Safety and Efficacy Genome Editing Entails Polarizing Ethical And Legal Quandariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

CRISPR-Cas and Its Wide-Ranging Applications: From Human Genome Editing to Environmental Implications, Technical Limitations, Hazards and Bioethical Issues

Piergentili

Rio

Signore

et al. 2021

Cells

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The CRISPR-Cas system is a powerful tool for in vivo editing the genome of most organisms, including man. During the years this technique has been applied in several fields, such as agriculture for crop upgrade and breeding including the creation of allergy-free foods, for eradicating pests, for the improvement of animal breeds, in the industry of bio-fuels and it can even be used as a basis for a cell-based recording apparatus. Possible applications in human health include the making of new medicines through the creation of genetically modified organisms, the treatment of viral infections, the control of pathogens, applications in clinical diagnostics and the cure of human genetic diseases, either caused by somatic (e.g., cancer) or inherited (mendelian disorders) mutations. One of the most divisive, possible uses of this system is the modification of human embryos, for the purpose of preventing or curing a human being before birth. However, the technology in this field is evolving faster than regulations and several concerns are raised by its enormous yet controversial potential. In this scenario, appropriate laws need to be issued and ethical guidelines must be developed, in order to properly assess advantages as well as risks of this approach. In this review, we summarize the potential of these genome editing techniques and their applications in human embryo treatment. We will analyze CRISPR-Cas limitations and the possible genome damage caused in the treated embryo. Finally, we will discuss how all this impacts the law, ethics and common sense.

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“…By learning to acknowledge persons with dementia have identities and awareness, it is a responsibility to support their personhood, maintaining their integrity. John Locke, a 17 th century English philosopher and physician stated, "Personal identity depends on consciousness not on substance" (Nimbalkar, 2011 p268) [14]. Naomi Feil, MSW, developed Validation Therapy, a concept of validation, or the reciprocated communication of respect which communicates that the other's opinions are acknowledged, respected, heard, and (regardless whether or not the listener actually agrees with the content), they are being treated with genuine respect as a legitimate expression of their feelings, rather than marginalized or dismissed (Feil.…”

Section: Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Identity in Memory: Ascertaining Consciousness beyond Dementia

Ac¹

2018

Journal of Neurology and Neurological Disorders

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In the social jungle of human existence, there is no feeling of being alive without a sense of identity. ~ Erik Erikson Identity formation comes in various definitions within psychology, neurobiology and spiritual worlds, but universally, it may be agreed that identity is a part of having a sense of self-awareness about who we are as individuals. As humans' feel, think, sense and experience life in their surroundings, memory deposits formulate. Some argue that it is our memories that define who we are, but what happens when memory is disrupted with a dementia, such as, Alzheimer's disease (AD)? As persons living with AD or a related dementia experience memory loss, too often, care providers tend to wane in recognizing the person as they treat the disease. Oftentimes, physicians, family, friends and society at large are inclined to talk around the person with the diagnosis as if they were not in the room, speaking directly to their counterpart. Even some with an early diagnosis of AD may take on the disease as their identity, as a 58 year old an accountant with Early Onset AD questioned, "Without my memories, who am I?" First discovered in 1906 by German psychiatrist and neuropathologist, Alois Alzheimer, he observed Aguste Deter, a patient of his from a Berlin insane asylum. Deter had rapid deteriorating memory loss and he was intrigued by her symptoms. When Deter died Alzheimer's was able to examine her brain under a microscope with a new staining technique and found the plaques (amyloid) and tangles (tau) proteins engulfed in her Brain (Little, 2002) [2]. Despite Detour's advances in dementia, she was able to still recognize parts of herself. In taking a closer look at the beginning case of Auguste Deter, when Alzheimer's first assessed her, she knew who she was.

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John locke on personal identityFNx08

Cited by 16 publications

References 2 publications

Active Inference, Curiosity and Insight

Active Inference, Curiosity and Insight

CRISPR-Cas and Its Wide-Ranging Applications: From Human Genome Editing to Environmental Implications, Technical Limitations, Hazards and Bioethical Issues

Identity in Memory: Ascertaining Consciousness beyond Dementia

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