Joint Action Syntax in Japanese Martial Arts

Yamamoto, Yuji; Yokoyama, Keiko; Okumura, Motoki; Kijima, Akifumi; Kadota, Koji; Gohara, Kazutoshi

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0072436

Cited by 24 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…It has been reported that in offense and defense in Kendo, skilled persons often "take quick actions of offense and defense at a distant spatial timing", while non-skilled persons often "take slow actions of offense and defense at a near spatial timing" (Yamamoto, 2013). In the future, a discussion taking a temporal factor related to the offense and defense at a temporal timing into account in addition to the inter-personal distance from the opponent is necessary and expected.…”

Section: Bmimentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Discussion About the Influence of the Proficiency in Tankendo in the Foot Posture

Nakamura

Hoshino

2019

HSSR

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Purpose: In martial-art plays using a weapon, the length and weight of the used weapon determine the timing of attacking the opponent and playing strategies, which may be in turn reflected on the body posture and foot posture of a player. The objective of this study is to analyze the features of the food posture of a skilled player in Tankendo, in which players play using a short and light bamboo knife-like sword in order to consider an effective playing strategy. Methodology: In our experiment, the subjects were asked to take the foot posture at the temporal and spatial timing kept to measure and quantify kinematic feature quantities, weight distribution between both the feet placed in the front and rear, respectively and favorite jump distance of them. Then, a one-to-one correlation analysis was conducted among all the feature values. Main Findings: The result of the analysis demonstrated that a strong negative correlation was observed between the number of years of experience in Tankendo and the favorite jump distance. Similarly, a strong negative correlation was observed between the number of years of experience in Jukendo and favorite jump distance. On the other hand, in the case of Kendo, a strong negative correlation was observed between the number of years of experience in Kendo and the width between the feet placed on the right and left sides. Implications/Applications: A series of results obtained from the study suggests that in Tankendo and Jukendo, players have such a tendency that they first would take a position near the opponent and then jump there up to strike the opponent. In contrast, in case of Kendo focusing on a thrusting technique, such a tendency was observed that with a narrow width between both the feet, players stroke their opponent so that speedy footwork might be achieved, despite easily losing body balance.

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Section: Bmimentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Discussion About the Influence of the Proficiency in Tankendo in the Foot Posture

Nakamura

Hoshino

2019

HSSR

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“…The first return (Lorenz) map was applied to the offensive and defensive maneuvers that occur during kendo matches as interpersonal competition [37]. variables constituted by interpersonal distance and its velocity.…”

Section: Return Map Reveals the Coordination Patterns During Interpermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Red lines show attractors, blue lines show repellers, and cyan lines show intermittencies. Modified from[37].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Switching Hybrid Dynamical System: Toward Understanding Complex Interpersonal Behavior

Yamamoto¹,

Kijima²,

Okumura³

et al. 2018

Preprint

Self Cite

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Complex human behavior, including interlimb and interpersonal coordination, has been studied from a dynamical system perspective. We review the applications of a dynamical system approach to a sporting activity, which includes continuous, discrete, and switching dynamics. Continuous dynamics identified switching between in- and anti-phase synchronization, controlled by an interpersonal distance of 0.1 m during expert kendo matches, using a relative phase analysis. As discrete dynamics, return map analysis was applied to the time series of movements during kendo matches, and six coordination patterns were classified. Furthermore, state transition probabilities were calculated based on the two states, which clarified the coordination patterns and switching behavior. We introduced switching dynamics with temporal inputs to clarify the simple rules underlying the complex behavior corresponding to switching inputs in a striking action as a non-autonomous system. As a result, we determined that the time evolution of the striking action was characterized as fractal-like movement patterns generated by a simple Cantor set rule with rotation. Finally, we propose a switching hybrid dynamics to understand both court-net sports, as strongly coupled interpersonal competition, and weakly coupled sports, such as martial arts.

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“…19 There are several authors and Japanese budō practitioners who employ perceptive-principles in their practice, in accordance with, for example, Yuasa's explanations. Interesting psycho-physiological studies were recently done by Ushiro (2008) and Yamato et al (2013). Perceptive-reaction principles in martial arts, such as kendō, are usually referred to as abrupt-switching-quick-response behavior (Yamato et al 2013: 1-9).…”

Section: Conclusion: Pattern-like Performativitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interesting psycho-physiological studies were recently done by Ushiro (2008) and Yamato et al (2013). Perceptive-reaction principles in martial arts, such as kendō, are usually referred to as abrupt-switching-quick-response behavior (Yamato et al 2013: 1-9). jective of the paper was thus different, to show that modern Japanese martial arts inherited a lot of elements from the ancient styles, as well as that most of the movement structures used in modern budō actually descend from koryū budō heritage, either by direct lineage or by indirect influences, as in the example of aikidō and jūdō.…”

Section: Conclusion: Pattern-like Performativitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ritual Formalism and the Intangible Body of the Japanese Koryū Budō Culture

Rafolt¹

2014

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The paper presents an analysis of the interrelation between the traditional Japanese martial arts culture (koryū budō) and its modern correspondents (gendai budō). The analysis is based on the idea of inscribing koryū budō on UNESCO's list of intangible cultural heritage, as Japan's oldest martial cultural asset. Initial proposals to do so were put forward in the last ten years by some Japanese martial arts organizations, e.g. Nippon Budokan, especially by its koryū legacy division. The paper interprets the ritual-like and pattern-like formalism of the Japanese modern and traditional budō legacy, especially in the context of "Japanese nationalist history" after the Meiji Restoration. Emphasis is therefore put on the structures of movements that pre-exist in the ritual practices of the classical budō culture and are still present in modern martial arts systems, because of their hereditary and pre-formalized performativity.

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Joint Action Syntax in Japanese Martial Arts

Cited by 24 publications

References 38 publications

Experimental Discussion About the Influence of the Proficiency in Tankendo in the Foot Posture

Experimental Discussion About the Influence of the Proficiency in Tankendo in the Foot Posture

A Switching Hybrid Dynamical System: Toward Understanding Complex Interpersonal Behavior

Ritual Formalism and the Intangible Body of the Japanese Koryū Budō Culture

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