Joint Effects of Inbreeding and Local Adaptation on the Evolution of Genetic Load after Fragmentation

Lopez, Sébastien; Rousset, François; Shaw, Frank H.; Shaw, Ruth G.; Ronce, Ophélie

doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01326.x

Cited by 83 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…While it may be relatively straightforward to implement computational approaches, these methods are less amenable to discovery of general principles and results can be hard to interpret in a biologically meaningful way or to verify empirically. Whenever analytical and computational approaches can be applied in concert, greater insight will emerge [58,68,69].…”

Section: Beyond Evolutionary Rescuementioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary rescue beyond the models

Gomulkiewicz

Shaw

2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Laboratory model systems and mathematical models have shed considerable light on the fundamental properties and processes of evolutionary rescue. But it remains to determine the extent to which these model-based findings can help biologists predict when evolution will fail or succeed in rescuing natural populations that are facing novel conditions that threaten their persistence. In this article, we present a prospectus for transferring our basic understanding of evolutionary rescue to wild and other non-laboratory populations. Current experimental and theoretical results emphasize how the interplay between inheritance processes and absolute fitness in changed environments drive population dynamics and determine prospects of extinction. We discuss the challenge of inferring these elements of the evolutionary rescue process in field and natural settings. Addressing this challenge will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of population persistence that combines processes of evolutionary rescue with developmental and ecological mechanisms.

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Section: Beyond Evolutionary Rescuementioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary rescue beyond the models

Gomulkiewicz

Shaw

2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…Complete isolation and reduction in population size, which are increasingly common predicaments for populations in human-dominated landscapes (14)(15)(16), can thus have contrasting effects on population viability. There are scores of studies focusing on the effects of drift or inbreeding or local adaptation (7,17,18), but their joint effects remain little studied and therefore poorly understood (19).…”

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confidence: 99%

High genetic load in an old isolated butterfly population

Mattila

Duplouy

Kirjokangas

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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We investigated inbreeding depression and genetic load in a small (N e ∼ 100) population of the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia), which has been completely isolated on a small island [Pikku Tytärsaari (PT)] in the Baltic Sea for at least 75 y. As a reference, we studied conspecific populations from the well-studied metapopulation in the Åland Islands (ÅL), 400 km away. A large population in Saaremaa, Estonia, was used as a reference for estimating genetic diversity and N e . We investigated 58 traits related to behavior, development, morphology, reproductive performance, and metabolism. The PT population exhibited high genetic load (L = 1 − W PT /W ÅL ) in a range of fitness-related traits including adult weight (L = 0.12), flight metabolic rate (L = 0.53), egg viability (L = 0.37), and lifetime production of eggs in an outdoor population cage (L = 0.70). These results imply extensive fixation of deleterious recessive mutations, supported by greatly reduced diversity in microsatellite markers and immediate recovery (heterosis) of egg viability and flight metabolic rate in crosses with other populations. There was no significant inbreeding depression in most traits due to one generation of full-sib mating. Resting metabolic rate was significantly elevated in PT males, which may be related to their short lifespan (L = 0.25). The demographic history and the effective size of the PT population place it in the part of the parameter space in which models predict mutation accumulation. This population exemplifies the increasingly common situation in fragmented landscapes, in which small and completely isolated populations are vulnerable to extinction due to high genetic load.fixation load | segregation load | hybrid vigor | persisting population | inbreeding avoidance

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“…In sufficiently small populations, drift can overwhelm selection and even deleterious mutations can drift to fixation (Kimura, 1979). Because of this, we might expect smaller populations to be less locally adapted, due to the stronger effects of drift (Weiss and Goodman, 1972;Petren et al, 2005;Lopez et al, 2009). And there is empirical evidence that this occurs (Hereford, 2009).…”

Section: Population Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral Isolates as Sources of Adaptive Diversity under Climate Change

et al. 2017

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As climate change progresses, there is increasing focus on the possibility of using targeted gene flow (TGF, the movement of pre-adapted individuals into declining populations) as a management tool. Targeted gene flow is a relatively cheap, low-risk management option, and will almost certainly come into increased use over the coming decades. Before such action can be taken, however, we need to know where to find pre-adapted individuals. We argue that, for many species, the obvious place to look for this diversity is in peripheral isolates: isolated populations at the current edges of a species' range. Both evolutionary and ecological considerations suggest that the bulk of a species' adaptive variation may be contained in the total set of these peripheral isolates. Moreover, by exploring both evolutionary and ecological perspectives it becomes clear that we should be able to assess the potential value of each isolate using remotely sensed data and three measurable axes of variation in patch traits: population size, connectivity, and climatic environment. Locating the "sweet spot" in this trait space, however, remains a challenge. Throughout, we illustrate these ideas using Australia's Wet Tropics rainforests as a model system.

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Joint Effects of Inbreeding and Local Adaptation on the Evolution of Genetic Load after Fragmentation

Cited by 83 publications

References 59 publications

Evolutionary rescue beyond the models

Evolutionary rescue beyond the models

High genetic load in an old isolated butterfly population

Peripheral Isolates as Sources of Adaptive Diversity under Climate Change

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