“…Activities of two metabolic enzymes, GST and carboxylesterase (CarE), and levels of two oxidative stress indicators, CAT and lipid peroxidation (LPO), in the midges were determined following previously developed methods (Chen et al, 2015;Qi et al, 2015). In brief, protein contents were quantified by a Bradford method using bovine serum albumin as a standard (Bradford, 1976).…”