Jubanines F–J, cyclopeptide alkaloids from the roots of Ziziphus jujuba

Abstract

Five Ib-type cyclopeptide alkaloids, jubanines F-J (1-5), and three known compounds, nummularine B (6), daechuine-S3 (7), and mucronine K (8) were isolated from the roots of Ziziphus jujuba. Their structures were fully characterized by spectroscopic analyses in combination with chemical derivatization. Compounds 1-3, and 6 were evaluated for their antiviral activity against the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). Compounds 2, 3, and 6 showed potent inhibitory effects on PEDV replication.

Identification of bitter compounds from dried fruit of Ziziphus jujuba cv. Junzao

“…As the largest jujube producer, China has more than 90% share of the total world productions, and its production reached 5.88 million tons in 2012 (Chinese Statistic Yearbook of 2013). In recent years, a series of phytochemicals, including alkaloid, [3] polyphenol [4] polysaccharide, [5,6] and saponin, [7,8] have been found to be widely distributed in the tissues of zizyphus species. While much attention has been focused on the isolation, identification, quantification, and functions of these phytochemicals of jujube fruit, there has been lack of studies related to the taste and aroma of jujube fruits, which are key factors for understanding of their food value and developing methods for jujube processing and storage.…”

Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology ofZiziphus jujubaMills

“…more than 80 mg based on quercetin in each 10 mg/mL of extract (Hamedi et al ., )). Roots have been reported to contain cyclopeptide alkaloids, such as Ia‐type mauritine A and Ib‐type mucronine D, amphibine H, jubanine A, B, D, F, G, H, I and J, nummularine A and B and daechuine‐S3 (Kang et al ., ; Khokhar et al ., ). Kang et al .…”

“…Ziziphus mauritania ) is a common species in the genus Ziziphus that belongs to the plant family Rhamnaceae. It is widely cultivated in southern Europe and Asia, including Russia, India, the Middle East, China and Iran (Kaeidi et al ., ; Kang et al ., ). It was first described scientifically by Carl Linnaeus as Rhamnus zizyphus in 1753 (Linnaeus, ).…”

“…In recent years, some interesting compounds have been separated from the stem bark and root. Among them are jubanine G and nummularine b, two cyclopeptide alkaloids (Kang et al ., ) and some ceanothane‐ and lupane‐type triterpenoids with or without an E‐ring γ‐lactone structure (Kang et al ., ). In the dried ripe seeds of the var.…”

“…Kang et al . () reported the presence of jubanine G and nummularine b. Flavonoids such quercetin and a high amount of tannins, including gallic acid, are also present (Hamedi et al ., ).…”