Judgment of Emotion in Word-Free Voice Samples

Soskin, William F.; Kauffman, P

doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1961.tb00331.x

Cited by 48 publications

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“…The second set of cues includes the discriminable qualitative features of the voice itself. Soskin and Kaufmann (1961) describe the second set of cues as a "carrier" on which articulated sounds are superimposed. Within this carrier may be the major cues to the individual's emotional predisposition.…”

Section: Language Descriptions and Psychopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Psychopathology of Language and Cognition

Rieber

Vetter

1995

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Originally published by Plenum press, New York in 1995Softcovcr reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1995 10 987654321 All rights reservedNo part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher Preface A quarter century ago, one of the authors undertook the task of surveying research and theory in an area that, for lack of a more precise designation, was called "language behavior and psychopathology." The book published under the same title addressed those precincts of language behavior wherein the interests of the psychologist, psychiatrist, linguist, and speech pathologist showed some tendencies toward convergence. The principal focus was on aspects of language and paralanguage-variously, and on the whole, indifferently referred to as "deviation," "anomalies," "aberrations," or "disturbances" -that occur with sufficient frequency in relation to certain categories of personality disorders that they have long occupied a prominent (and coritroversial) place in the psychodiagnostic process.Language Behavior and Psychopathology (1969) made clear to the reader that it did not deal with such primary patterns of language disturbance as aphasia and stuttering. This was not to deny the relevance of psychopathological considerations in such language disorders. The importance of emotional conflict in the pathogenesis of stuttering had been amply documented, and there was abundant clinical evidence that aphasic patients might react adversely to their lowered or altered capacities'in symbolizing and communicating, even to the extent of exhibiting what Kurt Goldstein called a "catastrophic reaction." Regardless, however, of any psychopathological factors that may be present in aphasia or stuttering, both are essentially linguistic disorders. Their principal symptoms are manifested in vocal speech, and their treatment requires some or a great deal of speech therapy and retraining.On the other hand, as the book sought to emphasize, the linguistic and v vi Preface paralinguistic phenomena that occur as concomitants to conventional psychiatric syndromes might be characterized more accurately as language symptoms than as language disturbances. Clinical descriptions of personality disorders prominently feature descriptions of language and paralinguistic behavior. Anyone questioning this statement need only try to imagine the difficulties presented by the psychodiagnostic assessment of a patient bereft of speech. Much, if not most, diagnostic test behavior is language behavior, and among the chief criteria for gauging therapeutic progress is change in language behavior.If there was a common orientation toward language and communication behavior in the psychopathological context, it expressed itself in two objectives. The first was an attempt to arrive at a precise description of the way or ways that individuals diagnosed as belonging to a particular nos...

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Section: Language Descriptions and Psychopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Psychopathology of Language and Cognition

Rieber

Vetter

1995

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“…Vocal expression is frequentIy used to convey emotion. Soskin and Kauffman (1961), among others, have demonstrated that emotions can be recognized by judges even when the content has been eliminated from the speech. In the present experiment the emotions 'angry' and 'pleased' were selected for study.…”

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Effects of vocal expression and instructions on bargaining performance

Summerfield

1975

Euro J Social Psych

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Gallo and McClintock (1955) ' in reviewing the variables affecting performance in mixed-motive games, noted that the amount and type of communication between the participants appeared to be an important factor. Most experiments using games of the Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) type involve limited communication.Little is known about the effects of nonverbal cues on bargaining performance. Vocal expression is frequentIy used to convey emotion. Soskin and Kauffman (1961), among others, have demonstrated that emotions can be recognized by judges even when the content has been eliminated from the speech. In the present experiment the emotions 'angry' and 'pleased' were selected for study. The author (Steer, 1971) has previously shown that judges agreed in their recognition of the two emotions expressed by subjects who were counting aloud. She also found that 'angry' and 'pleased' were assessed as bipolar when judges rated them on the sematic differential.Deutsch (1960) had found evidence for an instruction effect when subjects were told to adopt a competitive, cooperative or individualistic orientation. How exactly competitive and cooperative approaches are executed in bargaining games is not known. Each may be associated with appropriate emotional expressions. 'Angry' and 'pleased' vocal expression may be associated, respectively, with competitive and cooperative orientations. This experiment examines the effects of vocal expression and instructions on performance in a modified PD game, to test the hypothesis that each would affect the number of cooperative choices, fewer being found for the 'angry' and 'competitive' conditions. The payoff matrix used is given in Figure 1.

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“…Essentially, then, the vocal channel is seen as the "carrier" upon which verbal content is superimposed, and the cues to emotion supposedly reside within this "carrier" (Davitz 1964;Rosenthal e t al. 1979;Soskin and Kauffman 1961 ;Starkweather 1956).…”

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“…Electronic filters have also been used to remove semantic meaning before playing the speech samples to judges (Rosenthal et al 1979;Soskin and Kauffman 1961;Starkweather 1956). This latter technique may be preferable in that subjects are actually allowed to speak words, rather than t&ng to express emotion while saying the alphabet.…”

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Perception of the Emotional Content of Speech by Canadian and Mexican Children, Adolescents, and Adults

McCluskey

Albas

1981

International Journal of Psychology

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The study at hand was undertaken to assess and compare the respective abilities of Canadian and Mexican subjects to identify emotion in speech. Canadian and Mexican female teachers, speaking whatever words they wished in their own languages, attempted to simulate four emotional states (i.e., happiness, sadness, love, and anger). After the initial recording, these samples were passed through an electronic filter which removed the semantic content while leaving intact the tonal qualities of the speech. The filtered vocal expressions were played to Canadian and Mexican subjects 5, 9, 13, 17, 25, 45, and 65 years of age. From 5 through 25, there was a progressive increase with age in ability to identify the emotion expressed. Ability did level off, however, and eventually even decreased (such that the 65 year‐olds performed less accurately than the other adult groups). Overall, the Mexican subjects were significantly more sensitive to emotion in speech than their Canadian counterparts. As well, both Canadian and Mexican subjects judged speech samples from Mexican speakers more accurately than those from Canadian speakers.

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Judgment of Emotion in Word-Free Voice Samples

Cited by 48 publications

References 0 publications

The Psychopathology of Language and Cognition

The Psychopathology of Language and Cognition

Effects of vocal expression and instructions on bargaining performance

Perception of the Emotional Content of Speech by Canadian and Mexican Children, Adolescents, and Adults

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