“…2013) (Table S1). These results are consistent with previous, albeit limited, isotopic analyses of human and archaeobotanical remains of this period in Slovenia (Murray & Schoeninger 1988; Dular & Tecco-Hvala 2007; Nicholls et al . 2020).…”
Section: Multi-isotope Analysissupporting
confidence: 92%
“…Many of these barrows were excavated in the late nineteenth century with a relatively poor standard of recording and documentation. Modern excavations confirm, however, that skeletal remains in the area are typically very poorly preserved, if at all (Dular & Tecco Hvala 2007: 191; Mason & Mlekuž 2016). Figure 1.Location of the Dolge njive cemetery (figure by the authors).…”
Section: The Dolge Njive Barrow Cemeterymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These changes are marked in eastern Slovenia, as well as across the broader area between the Eastern Alps and Western Pannonia, by the emergence of new centres of population in the form of large hillforts associated with extensive barrow cemeteries and, in some cases, evidence for ironworking (e.g. Teržan 1990;Mason 1996;Dular & Tecco Hvala 2007;Mason & Mlekuž 2016;C ̌rešnar & Mele 2019;C ̌rešnar et al 2020). In the Early Iron Age Dolenjska group of south-eastern Slovenia and northern Croatia, which forms the focus of this article, funerary rites shifted from cremation burials in flat cemeteries to inhumation, usually with multiple graves beneath substantial earthen barrows and often including significant quantities of grave goods.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These changes are marked in eastern Slovenia, as well as across the broader area between the Eastern Alps and Western Pannonia, by the emergence of new centres of population in the form of large hillforts associated with extensive barrow cemeteries and, in some cases, evidence for ironworking (e.g. Teržan 1990; Mason 1996; Dular & Tecco Hvala 2007; Mason & Mlekuž 2016; Črešnar & Mele 2019; Črešnar et al . 2020).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It has been suggested that these barrows may have been intended for the burial of family or lineage groups (Dular & Tecco Hvala 2007: 123–26 & 237–45; Teržan 2010), although this has been hard to demonstrate using traditional archaeological techniques. As part of the HERA-funded ENTRANS (Encounters and Transformations in Iron Age Europe) project (Armit et al .…”
The burial of multiple individuals within a single funerary monument invites speculation about the relationships between the deceased: were they chosen on the basis of status, gender or relatedness, for example? Here, the authors present the results of aDNA and isotope analyses conducted on seven individuals from an Early Iron Age barrow at Dolge njive, south-eastern Slovenia. All seven individuals are close biological relatives. While the group composition suggests strict adherence to neither patrilineal nor matrilineal structures, the funerary tradition appears highly gendered, and family links through both the male and female lines seem important in structuring of the community. The results have implications for understanding of kinship and funerary practices in late prehistoric Europe.
“…2013) (Table S1). These results are consistent with previous, albeit limited, isotopic analyses of human and archaeobotanical remains of this period in Slovenia (Murray & Schoeninger 1988; Dular & Tecco-Hvala 2007; Nicholls et al . 2020).…”
Section: Multi-isotope Analysissupporting
confidence: 92%
“…Many of these barrows were excavated in the late nineteenth century with a relatively poor standard of recording and documentation. Modern excavations confirm, however, that skeletal remains in the area are typically very poorly preserved, if at all (Dular & Tecco Hvala 2007: 191; Mason & Mlekuž 2016). Figure 1.Location of the Dolge njive cemetery (figure by the authors).…”
Section: The Dolge Njive Barrow Cemeterymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These changes are marked in eastern Slovenia, as well as across the broader area between the Eastern Alps and Western Pannonia, by the emergence of new centres of population in the form of large hillforts associated with extensive barrow cemeteries and, in some cases, evidence for ironworking (e.g. Teržan 1990;Mason 1996;Dular & Tecco Hvala 2007;Mason & Mlekuž 2016;C ̌rešnar & Mele 2019;C ̌rešnar et al 2020). In the Early Iron Age Dolenjska group of south-eastern Slovenia and northern Croatia, which forms the focus of this article, funerary rites shifted from cremation burials in flat cemeteries to inhumation, usually with multiple graves beneath substantial earthen barrows and often including significant quantities of grave goods.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These changes are marked in eastern Slovenia, as well as across the broader area between the Eastern Alps and Western Pannonia, by the emergence of new centres of population in the form of large hillforts associated with extensive barrow cemeteries and, in some cases, evidence for ironworking (e.g. Teržan 1990; Mason 1996; Dular & Tecco Hvala 2007; Mason & Mlekuž 2016; Črešnar & Mele 2019; Črešnar et al . 2020).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It has been suggested that these barrows may have been intended for the burial of family or lineage groups (Dular & Tecco Hvala 2007: 123–26 & 237–45; Teržan 2010), although this has been hard to demonstrate using traditional archaeological techniques. As part of the HERA-funded ENTRANS (Encounters and Transformations in Iron Age Europe) project (Armit et al .…”
The burial of multiple individuals within a single funerary monument invites speculation about the relationships between the deceased: were they chosen on the basis of status, gender or relatedness, for example? Here, the authors present the results of aDNA and isotope analyses conducted on seven individuals from an Early Iron Age barrow at Dolge njive, south-eastern Slovenia. All seven individuals are close biological relatives. While the group composition suggests strict adherence to neither patrilineal nor matrilineal structures, the funerary tradition appears highly gendered, and family links through both the male and female lines seem important in structuring of the community. The results have implications for understanding of kinship and funerary practices in late prehistoric Europe.
Summary. In later prehistory horse ownership was a manifestation of wealth and physical prowess, and demonstrated access to distant lands. Because of the expense and restricted availability of horses, they are often reduced to indicators of status without more nuanced considerations of how lived human-horse interactions enmeshed them in these status displays. To complicate the simple horse/status object equivalence, this article presents a specific case for the symbolic and social significance of horses in Early Iron Age south-eastern Slovenia through the lens of equine iconography, and argues that horses and particularly equestrianism were essential to embodying elite masculine identity. Broadly, this article seeks to move beyond equating high-status goods with high-status people by discussing how particular events, bodily abilities and human-animal relationships were all intertwined in the materialization of social distinction for a particular group.
Geoarchaeological analysis of settlement stratigraphy is key to understanding continuity and change in economic, social and cultural spaces within complex (proto-)urban sites. Here, preliminary micromorphological and micro-refuse data from the Pungrt hillfort demonstrate the potential of a fine-scaled geoarchaeology-based approach for understanding the structuring and reuse of space, not just within settlements but within individual households, through time.
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