K-band receiver front-ends in a GaAs metamorphic HEMT process

High‐conversion‐gain millimeter‐wave ×4 subharmonic mixer with cascode 4th‐harmonic generator

“…. ) and P nf o (2) is an n th -harmonic component from FET2. Hence, harmonic components due to f o (1) are generated from FET1, while FET2 amplifies these harmonic components.…”

“…Moreover, the subharmonic mixer has a higher LO-to-RF isolation than that of the conventional mixer. For this reason, subharmonic mixers with an anti-parallel diode (APD) structure have been evaluated at millimeter-wave frequencies [2]. However, this type of mixer has a high conversion loss with the requirement of additional signal amplification.…”

“…Therefore, a cascode 4 th -subharmonic generator is proposed in this paper, as shown in Figure 1. Component of input signal f o is divided into two signals such as a signal f o (1) for field-effect transistor 1 (FET1) and another signal f o (2) for FET2. Hence harmonic components from FET1 and FET2 can be expressed as…”

“…Integrated optical 2 ϫ 2 switches are essential components in optical communication and signal processing systems [1,2]. For high-speed and low-voltage operation, the titanium indiffusion lithium niobate (It:LiNbO 3 ) waveguide device is one of the most favored candidates due to its large electro-optic coefficient.…”

High conversion gain cascode quadruple subharmonic mixer for millimeter-wave applications

“…Moreover, the subharmonic mixer has a higher LO-to-RF isolation than the conventional mixer. For this reason, the subharmonic mixers with anti-parallel diode (APD) structure were evaluated at millimeter-wave frequencies [1]. However, this type of mixer has a high conversion loss.…”