K2CO3 in closed heat storage systems

Houben, J.M.; Sögütoglu, Leyla; Donkers, Pim; Huinink, H.P.; Adan, O.C.G.

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2020.11.119

Cited by 29 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…We have used K 2 CO 3 -based particles with a size of 1.4–2.0 mm and 50 g sample size. More details about the material can be found elsewhere . The material is shown in Figure .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A comprehensive description of the setup can be found elsewhere. 21 3.3. Metastable Zone Determination.…”

Section: Hydration Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The equilibrium hydration line has been determined in a previous study by measuring equilibrium pressure−temperature points under pure water vapor conditions. 21 The phase diagrams with the onset points of hydration and dehydration are shown in Figure 4. The metastable zone under these pure water vapor conditions is then compared to the metastable zone under atmospheric conditions as found by Soguẗoglu et al 10 The solid line represents the equilibrium line of K 2 CO 3 ; above this line, the 1.5 hydrate is the thermodynamically favored phase and below, it is the anhydrate.…”

Section: Metastable Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The metastable zone width (MZW) is determined by heating/cooling the sample at a fixed rate (0.9, 0.4, 0.09, and 0.04 K/min) in isobaric water vapor conditions in a pure water vapor atmosphere. The onset point is determined by the point where the sample temperature starts to deviate from the imposed temperature due to the heat released by the hydration reaction (for more details, see our previous study 21 ).…”

Section: Hydration Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Understanding the Hydration Process of Salts: The Relation between Surface Mobility and Metastability

Houben

Langelaan

Brinkman

et al. 2022

Crystal Growth & Design

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“…We have used K 2 CO 3 -based particles with a size of 1.4–2.0 mm and 50 g sample size. More details about the material can be found elsewhere . The material is shown in Figure .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A comprehensive description of the setup can be found elsewhere. 21 3.3. Metastable Zone Determination.…”

Section: Hydration Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metastable Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hydration Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Understanding the Hydration Process of Salts: The Relation between Surface Mobility and Metastability

Houben

Langelaan

Brinkman

et al. 2022

Crystal Growth & Design

Self Cite

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“…Potassium carbonate powder (K 2 CO 3 •1.5H 2 O, 83−85% hydrated) from Evonik was used for the wet-cup experiments. For fluidized bed coating, K 2 CO 3 •1.5H 2 O beads (98.5%, 1−2 mm) from Fisher Scientific and carbon binder containing K 2 CO 3 granules developed in the EU 2020 CREATE Project 31 and produced by Caldic B.V. 32 were used. All chemicals were used as received.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encapsulation of Salt Hydrates by Polymer Coatings for Low-Temperature Heat Storage Applications

Ravensteijn

Donkers²,

Ruliaman³

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Efficient and cheap storage of energy from renewable resources presents a key technology to facilitate the ongoing energy transition. Storing heat in thermochemical materials (TCMs), such as salt hydrates, provides a promising concept to meet this demand. TCMs can capture heat reversibly and loss-free by relying on equilibrium hydration reactions of the salts. Persistent bottlenecks in the full-scale application of this technology are the low mechanical resilience of salt grains and their tendency to coagulate or dissolve when in contact with water vapor. To overcome this, the salt grains can be encapsulated by a stabilizing polymer coating. Ideal coatings combine high water vapor permeability with reversible deformability to minimize the resistance for water transport and to accommodate the volumetric changes of the TCM during repetitive (de)hydration, respectively. Here, a systematic study into the applicability of commercially available polymers as coating materials is presented. Mechanical analysis and wet-cup experiments on freestanding polymer films revealed that cellulose-based coatings successfully combine permeability and ductility and meet the engineering demands for domestic TCM-based heat storage applications. The validity of using freestanding films as model system was confirmed by encapsulating granular TCMs in ethyl and hydroxyl propyl cellulose using fluidized bed coating. The permeability was retained and an enhanced structural integrity of the TCM grains during (de)hydration cycles was observed.

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