Kampong Cham et Ratanakiri, regards croisés sur l’évolution des grandes plantations cambodgiennes

Fortunel, Frédéric

doi:10.4000/books.irasec.190

Cited by 4 publications

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“…Although most of the sites studied in this volume have experienced booms related to new crops, the sites' expansion is related to the role these crops played in previous decades and even centuries, as best illustrated by the case of sugar cane, which has been core to the economies and the societies of the Philippines and Indonesia since the middle of the nineteenth century (Hayami, 2001;Maurer, 1986). Until the mid-2000s, the extent of rubber exploitation remained very limited in southeastern Laos and north-eastern Cambodia (Baird, 2011;Fortunel, 2014) and the crop was almost unknown to local populations. Yet, the development of rubber that began around 2005 has its origins in the rubber sector set up across Indochina (except in Laos, where the attempt failed) by the French early in the twentieth century.…”

Section: Recurrence and Expansion Of Large-scale Land Acquisitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

11 Large-Scale Land Acquisitions, Livelihoods and Human Rights in South-East Asia

Gironde,

Golay

2016

Large-Scale Land Acquisitions

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The various contributions to this volume show, first, that previous episodes of land acquisitions are crucial to an understanding of why, where and how the current wave is occurring; of how they are implemented and turned, or not, into production units; and of how and to what extent they affect livelihoods. Second, beyond the usual emphasis on foreign companies, historical analysis also allows us to take stock of the key role played by nation states, which put in place regulatory frameworks and public policies or adopted a laissez-faire approach that paved the way for current land deals and acquisition practices around land and natural resources. Third, this volume highlights the importance of economic and political dynamics at local, national and subregional levels, which prove in South-East Asia to be as powerful as the global forces typically foregrounded in writings on 'land grabbing' . This is observable in the (land deal) negotiation stage, during the implementation of deals, and throughout the process of the transformation of the livelihoods that such deals induce in the medium term. A processual approach, as used by Nooteboom et al. (this volume), goes hand in hand with historical analysis. The diversity found in the implementation of land acquisitions shows that land deals are more often the beginning of a process of transformation to new livelihoods than the end of former ones.Overall, large-scale land acquisitions are a significant challenge for affected populations, but their consequences vary greatly between localities and among social groups. Dispossession, exclusion, disruption, etc. are undeniable. Extreme cases in which populations lost all, were displaced, and had to rebuild from zero (Cismas and Paramita, this volume) do exist. In other cases, some populations are left with some time and space for resistance, adaptation, opportunism, etc. Everywhere the processes of land acquisitions and their consequences are highly contingent on the particular contexts in which they occur.

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Section: Recurrence and Expansion Of Large-scale Land Acquisitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

11 Large-Scale Land Acquisitions, Livelihoods and Human Rights in South-East Asia

Gironde,

Golay

2016

Large-Scale Land Acquisitions

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“…(Tang, 2014, 30-31). Rubber plantation in Cambodia was revived from the mid-1990s on, when former state plantations were privatised (Fortunel, 2014). Then, powerful members of the state apparatus and 'entrepreneurial groups sympathetic to the Cambodian People's Party' (Hugues, 2003) acquired large tracts of land, mostly for logging.…”

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7 From Lagging Behind to Losing Ground: Cambodian and Laotian Household Economy and Large-Scale Land Acquisitions

Gironde,

Portilla

2016

Large-Scale Land Acquisitions

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Large-scale land deals in the agriculture and forestry sectors have significantly affected livelihoods in South-East Asia. This chapter analyses the implementation of land deals for rubber plantations since the mid-2000s and their consequences for rural livelihoods in north-eastern Cambodia and southern Laos. The analysis provides empirical material on how these deals were facilitated by previous policies and how they were implemented on the ground. It further highlights different levels of dispossession in in a series of villages studied and examines the uneven transformations in people's livelihoods. The conclusions complement scholarly assessments of land deals' immediate impact with a medium-term analysis of the consequent transformation of livelihoods. The chapter indicates that land acquisitions and related crop booms have set in motion dynamic, market-based developments including changes in social attitudes and lifestyles. Yet, the majority of the population has been caught in an insecure environment, where it is vulnerable to the opportunistic behaviours of more powerful actors. Family farming-based livelihoods are no longer 'lagging behind' , as they were once considered; they are now losing ground, as opportunities to diversify their means of subsistence remain inadequate. Finally, the chapter provides policy-relevant recommendations on how to alleviate some of the worst short-term consequences for the local rural populations.

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From Lagging Behind to Losing Ground: Cambodian and Laotian Household Economy and Large-Scale Land Acquisitions

Gironde¹,

Portilla²

2015

poldev

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Kampong Cham et Ratanakiri, regards croisés sur l’évolution des grandes plantations cambodgiennes

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

11 Large-Scale Land Acquisitions, Livelihoods and Human Rights in South-East Asia

11 Large-Scale Land Acquisitions, Livelihoods and Human Rights in South-East Asia

7 From Lagging Behind to Losing Ground: Cambodian and Laotian Household Economy and Large-Scale Land Acquisitions

From Lagging Behind to Losing Ground: Cambodian and Laotian Household Economy and Large-Scale Land Acquisitions

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