Kaon oscillations and baryon asymmetry of the Universe

Abstract

Baryon asymmetry of the universe (BAU) can likely be explained with K 0 − K 0 oscillations of a newly developed mirror-matter model and new understanding of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) phase transitions. A consistent picture for the origin of both BAU and dark matter is presented with the aid of n − n oscillations of the new model. The global symmetry breaking transitions in QCD are proposed to be staged depending on condensation temperatures of strange, charm, bottom, and top quarks in the early universe. The long-standing BAU puzzle could then be understood with K 0 − K 0 oscillations that occur at the stage of strange quark condensation and baryon number violation via a non-perturbative sphaleron-like (coined "quarkiton") process.Similar processes at charm, bottom, and top quark condensation stages are also discussed including an interesting idea for top quark condensation to break both the QCD global U t (1) A symmetry and the electroweak gauge symmetry at the same time. Meanwhile, the U (1) A or strong CP problem of particle physics is addressed with a possible explanation under the same framework.

Neutron oscillations for solving neutron lifetime and dark matter puzzles

“…Remarkable agreement between the observations and the predictions from the study provides strong evidence and support for this model [33]. And furthermore, a natural extension of the new model applying kaon oscillations in the early universe shows a promising solution to the long-standing baryon asymmetry problem with new insights for the QCD phase transition and B-violation topological processes [44]. Last but not least, extension of the CKM matrix and laboratory tests of the new model are proposed in a separate work [34].…”

“…(11)(12) over the temperature range between the QCD phase transition (T c = 150 − 200 MeV) and the weak interaction decoupling (T = 1 MeV), most of the ordinary matter is converted to mirror matter resulting a mirror-to-ordinary matter ratio of about 5.4, which is the same as the ratio of dark matter to baryon matter. As it turns out, the obtained ∆ nn value within 50% is very insensitive to other parameters such as the phase transition or nucleon-forming temperature (e.g., between 150 and 200 MeV) and the initial mirror-to-ordinary baryon ratio (e.g., equal amounts or little initial net mirror baryon matter as suggested by a separate work [44]). Remarkably, ∆ nn ∼ 2 × 10 −6 eV is consistent with constraints from the neutron lifetime experiments as discussed above.…”

“…The influence of this n − n mixing model can also be studied in various other scenarios like BBN where the 7 Li problem could potentially be solved [51,52,44], stellar burning processes (in particular, neutron capture processes) [33], neutron star mergers (including all three cases of ordinary-ordinary, mirror-mirror, and mirror-ordinary mergers). Probably the two mirrored yet separated worlds have been and are being connected by the active and fascinating messenger of the n − n doublet during the Big Bang and after the formation of stars.…”

No single unification theory of everything

“…The Higgs mechanism in particle physics that gives mass to particles is based on this approach. However, Higgs and other similar scalars are likely bound states of fermions as demonstrated in the application of this mechanism for staged quark condensation or electroweak / QCD phase transitions [4,6].…”

“…where masses of the neutrinos are determined by the ordinary-mirror mass splitting scale of φ − φ ∼ δv with fairly well constrained relative scale of δv/v = 10 −15 -10 −14 [1][2][3][4][5][6].…”