Karstic Landscapes and Landforms in Turkey

Nazik, Lütfi; Poyraz, Murat; Karabıyıkoğlu, Mustafa

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-03515-0_5

Cited by 36 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The Central Taurus forms the best example of plateau karst (Figure 1b). The study area is the largest and most important karst plateau in the Central Taurus Mountains (Nazik et al, 2019). The investigated area comprises most of the Taşeli Plateau and covers 695 km 2 .…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These mountains are the largest and most important karst terrain in Turkey. While presenting different lithological and structural characteristics, the Jurassic-Cretaceous and Miocene neritic limestones also played a significant role in developing the karstic landscape of these mountains (Öztürk et al, 2018b;Nazik et al, 2019). In particular, the tectonic history of these units was a determinant factor affecting the properties and density of karst landforms in the Taurus region (Doğan et al, 2017;Öztürk et al, 2018a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluvio-karstic evolution of the Taşeli Plateau (Central Taurus, Turkey)

Öztürk¹

2020

Turkish J Earth Sci

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Uplift history is an important factor in the structural patterns and karstification of the Taşeli Plateau. The morphological development of the study area consists of five stages according to its sedimentation, rotation, uplift, and climatic properties. (1) Shallow carbonates accumulated during the Early Miocene. (2) An emersion and drainage network developed as a result of the compressional neotectonic regime in the Late Miocene. (3) Dense joint systems were formed due to the ~40° clockwise rotation of the eastern limb of the Isparta Angle. (4) The climate of the study area changed as a result of rapid uplift from Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene. This caused the formation of dry valleys, underground karstification on the plateau surface, and headward erosion of rivers in the southern part of the area. (5) In the last stage, the plateau surface was densely covered by solution dolines and the dry valley network turned into relict valleys due to expanding extensional cracks during Pleistocene.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluvio-karstic evolution of the Taşeli Plateau (Central Taurus, Turkey)

Öztürk¹

2020

Turkish J Earth Sci

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“…The study area is within the Taurus Mountains Karst Region, which is characterized by a collage of diverse tectonic units, varying in age, lithological content, depositional environments, and lithostratigraphic features (Nazik et al 2019). This region, also known as the Mediterranean karst zone, creates a zone uninterrupted horizontally and vertically, with the development of multi-period/multi-origin karst forms.…”

Section: Karstmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The morphotectonic structure of the region began to be reshaped in the neotectonic movements during and after the Late Miocene (Monod et al 2006), and was affected by Quaternary sea-level changes and incision by rivers (Nazik et al 2019). Polygonal karst features have formed in abundance on the high karstic plateaus of the Taurus Mountains, which are made of neritic limestone and are highly faulted and jointed owing to tectonic activity.…”

Section: Karstmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traces of late quaternary glaciations and paleoclimatic interpretation of Mount Akdağ (Alanya, 2451 m), Southwest Turkey

2020

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Mount Akdağ, located 25 km northeast of Alanya (2451 m above sea level a.s.l.), and largely made up of carbonates, is one of the mountains exposed to Late Quaternary glaciation in the Western Taurus Mountains. Although today, there are no modern glaciers, the traces of the Late Quaternary glaciers and rock glaciers are still fresh. In this study, geomorphological features related to the glaciations in Mount Akdağ, which were not previously reported in the literature, were first identified from satellite images, and then verified by field studies. The geomorphological development of Mount Akdağ during the Quaternary was explained by considering its climatic and karstic characteristics. For this purpose, spatial data obtained from field studies, unmanned aerial vehicles and meteorological stations were analysed using geographic information systems. Akdağ is directly open to humid air masses coming from the SW sector over the Mediterranean Sea, resulting in heavy orographic precipitation that encouraged the growth of glaciers. In addition, glacier reconstruction and pELA estimates have been made to contribute to the interpretation of glacial geomorphology. The pELA in Mount Akdağ was calculated with the AABR ratio of 1.69, and was found to be around 2030 m a.s.l. More than 15 cirques and a 6.5 km long glacial valley in Mount Akdağ indicate the presence of glaciers. Reconstruction of the paleoglaciers shows that the lowest altitude reached was 1410 m a.s.l. At their maximum extent glaciers covered an area of ~ 14 km 2 , with a volume of ~ 1 km 3 and had an average thickness of 60 m with a maximum glacier thickness of ~ 200 m.

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“…Karstification of the Akdag Massif is still active today, which is observed in the Jurassic limestone bedrock to the north or the scarp (Figures 3, 6). Similar environmental conditions are likely to have prevailed prior to the collapse, when karstification should have played a significant role in landscape degradation (Bayarı et al, 2019;Dogan et al, 2019;Nazik et al, 2019). For instance, repeated sinkhole and uvala formation and the collapse of cave systems would lead to the instantaneous removal of a few meters of rock at the surface, which would already be enough to remove the inherited cosmogenic 36 Cl acquired during the tens of thousands of years during the pre-collapse exposure time.…”

Section: Chronology Of the Akdag Rock Avalanche And Its Plausibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronology and Geomorphological Activity of the Akdag Rock Avalanche (SW Turkey)

et al. 2020

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Large rock-slope failures are among the primary geohazards in high mountain areas. These rock avalanches and rockslides constitute most of the world's largest landslide deposits. This study focuses on the formation and geomorphological activity of the Akdag landslide complex located on the southern slope of Mount Akdag, SW Turkey. We employed detailed mapping in the field, spatial and morphometric analysis using GIS and remote sensing technologies, and surface exposure dating with cosmogenic 36 Cl to reconstruct the chronology of the landslide complex. For the analysis of cosmogenic 36 Cl, we collected 18 surface samples from calcareous boulders within the landslide deposit. Our field mapping shows that the Akdag rock avalanche is a large and active slope failure developed between carbonates and flysch. The rock-avalanche deposits cover an area of 9.8 km 2 and together with the primary and secondary slope failures which form the landslide complex, cover an area of 15 km 2. The Akdag rock avalanche is one of the largest (3 × 10 8 m 3) known bedrock landslides in Turkey. Cosmogenic 36 Cl exposure ages indicate that the main collapse occurred at 8.3 ± 1.4 ka (2σ), followed by secondary failures. We dated one of the latter to 1.1 ± 0.2 ka (2σ). Based on field evidence, we surmise that increased water discharge in the springs along the carbonate-flysch contact zone played a key role in the Early Holocene failure.

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Karstic Landscapes and Landforms in Turkey

Cited by 36 publications

References 33 publications

Fluvio-karstic evolution of the Taşeli Plateau (Central Taurus, Turkey)

Fluvio-karstic evolution of the Taşeli Plateau (Central Taurus, Turkey)

Traces of late quaternary glaciations and paleoclimatic interpretation of Mount Akdağ (Alanya, 2451 m), Southwest Turkey

Chronology and Geomorphological Activity of the Akdag Rock Avalanche (SW Turkey)

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