Karyotype Analysis of Five <i>Iris</i> L. (Iridaceae) Species from Turkey

Abstract

The chromosome numbers and karyotypes of five species of the genus Iris distributed in Turkey were analyzed. These taxa are I. aucheri (Baker) Sealy, I. reticulata var. reticulata M. Bieb., I. persica L., I. peshmeniana Güner & T. Hall, I. sarii Schott ex Baker. Two of them (I. sari and I. peshmeniana) are endemic in Turkey. The chromosome numbers of studied taxa were determeined as 2n=18 (I. persica), 2n=20 (I. sari), 2n=24 (I. peshmeniana and I. aucheri), and 2n=36 (I. reticulata var. reticulata). Haploid chromosome lengths varied from 53.45 µm (I. persica) to 130.78 µm (I. reticulata var. reticulata) among species. Karyotype analysis indicated that Iris taxa generally have median (m), submedian (sm), and subterminal (st) chromosomes. In addition, only I. sari has two terminal (T) chromosome pairs. The karyotype of I. peshmeniana was determined for the first time.

Evaluation of genetic diversity and population structure of reticulate iris genotypes in the Iraqi Kurdistan region using SCoT and SRAP markers

“…family that is an important horticultural, economic, and industrial geophyte (Khatib et al 2022). Besides ornamental importance, irises have been given other uses throughout time; they have been considered valuable medicinal plants, cosmetics, perfume, and food industries as well (Kiran et al 2022).…”

“…The classi cation of the genus Iris is indeed a hard mission to achieve; this still not conducted by botanists and taxonomists to reach a consensus regarding this issue. This problem is because of differences in taxonomic ranks especially at subgeneric and sectional level which were de ned by classi cations methods based on morphoanatomical features and ecological and cytogenetic traits (Kiran et al 2022). Thus, several multidisciplinary studies such as anatomy, palynology, molecular phylogeny, and karyology are needed to clarify the taxonomy of the genus.…”

“…Genetically, the Iris reticulata genome is estimated to be in the range 1.05-28.2 pg/1C (Pellicer and Leitch 2020), and the genus Iris has an excellent chromosome numbering system even though this group has an unexpectedly high multiplicity of numbers of chromosome (n = 7, 8, 9,10,11,12,13,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,24,25,27,36,54) (Choi et al 2022;Rice et al 2015); among them, the number of chromosomes in Iris reticulata is (2n = 2x = 20) (Jozghasemi et al, 2016) and 2n = 36 (I. reticulata var. reticulata) (Kiran et al 2022).…”