The chromosome number and morphology of eight species belonging to the section Santolinoideae of the genus Achillea L. (Asteraceae) were investigated using karyological techniques. The species studied were Achillea cucullata (Hausskn.) Bornm., A. vermicularis Trin., A. monocephala Boiss. & Bal., A. boissieri (Hausskn.) Bornm., A. santolina L., A. gypsicola Hub.‐Mor., A. goniocephala Boiss. & Bal., and A. spinulifolia Fenzl ex Boiss. In these species, the chromosome numbers were 2n = 18 in A. vermicularis, A. monocephala, and A. boissieri, 2n = 18A + 1B in A. spinulifolia, 2n = 36 in A. cucullata and A. santolina, and 2n = 54 in A. gypsicola and A. goniocephala. All of the chromosomes had median point (M), median region (m), or submedian (sm) centromeres. An increase in asymmetry was not observed in the karyotypes of the species. © 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2006, 151, 573–580.

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The chromosome number and morphology in six species of the sections Babounya (DC.) O. Hoffm. and Achillea of the genus Achillea L. (Asteraceae) were investigated using karyological techniques. Sample plants and seeds of A. santolinoides Lag. subsp. wilhelmsii (K. Koch.) Greuter, A. falcata L., A. magnifica Hub. -Mor., A. pannonica Scheele, A. crithmifolia Waldst. & Kit. and A. nobilis L. subsp neilreichii (A. Kern.) Formánek were collected from natural habitats in 2005. The chromosome number found in six species was 2n = 18. All chromosomes had median point (M), median region (m), and submedian (sm) centromers. An increase in asymmetry was not observed in the karyotypes of the species studied. None of the studied species had any B chromosomes.

The genus Cirsium Mill. (thistle) includes perennial, biennial, and annual members of the family Asteraceae and comprises more than 250 species distributed in

Morphological, anatomical and cytological features of three Turkish taxa of Centaurea L., viz. C. polypodiifolia Boiss. var. polypodiifolia, C. urvillei DC. subsp. urvillei and C. urvillei subsp. armata Wagenitz were investigated. Stem anatomy revealed the presence of a thick cuticle layer outside the stem, and epidermis with dense hairs was observed in the lower part. Investigation on leaf anatomy showed that different types of hairs on the outside of the leaf were very intense. Palisade parenchyma was observed below the upper and lower epidermis. In Centaurea polypodiifolia var. polypodiifolia, chromosome number was found to be 2n=16, while in C. urvillei subsp. urvillei and C. urvillei subsp. armata 2n=20. Total karyotype length of C. polypodiifolia var. polypodiifolia, C. urvillei subsp. urvillei and C. urvillei subsp. armata was 22.9 µm, 37.84 µm and 40.01 µm, respectively. Among the investigated taxa the karyotype asymmetry index was found lowest in C. urvillei subsp. armata. Satellite was detected in C. urvillei subsp. urvillei and subsp. armata, while it was absent in C. polypodiifolia Boiss. var. polypodiifolia.