Karyotype diversity and interspecific 4C DNA variation inBupleurum

Das, Anath Bandhu; Mallick, R. B.

doi:10.1007/bf02928510

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Ten well-scattered metaphase plates were selected for karyotype analysis of each species. Form percentage (F%) of individual chromosomes was calculated and the total form percentage (F%) was the average of sum total F% of a karyotype (Das and Mallick 1993). Mean values of total genomic chromosome length and total chromosome volume with standard errors were calculated.…”

Section: Karyotype Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the symmetrical karyotype with same number of secondary constricted chromosomes in A. asterias and A. myriostigma and A. capricorne and A. ornatum suggests their closer affinity between them. The structural alterations in the morphology as well as variations in the secondary constricted chromosomes of different species might be due to duplication of chromosomes or translocation between the chromosomes with or without secondary constrictions at a very early stage of evolution (Das and Mallick 1993, Das et al 1998a, b, 1999a. The correlation coefficient between average chromosome length and average DNA content did not show significant relationship (rϭ0.135).…”

Section: Karyotype Genome Length and Nuclear Dna Amountmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The DNA content showed no significant correlation with average chromosome length (0.135) but significant or average chromosome volume (rϭ0.331); since in eukaryotic system chromosome volume is determined not directly by DNA but by the basic and non basic proteins as well. The species specific compactness of DNA threads along with nucleosomes or the additional gene sequences (Das and Mallick 1993) with altered non histone proteins in the chromosome played a significant role for chromosomal architecture of a species. INV showing significant correlation with the average DNA content (rϭ0.950) suggest an interdependence of 4C DNA with INV of the species.…”

Section: Nuclear Dna Amount In Relation To Genomic Chromosome Volume mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic analysis of 'Star Cactus' (Astrophytum) Through Chromosome and RAPD Markers

Das

2008

CYTOLOGIA

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Summary Interspecific variation and molecular phylogenetic analysis among the four species of Astrophytum i.e. A. asterias, A. capricorne, A. myriostigma and A. ornatum of the family Cactaceae were studied using cytological and molecular markers. In all the four species, the somatic chromosomes found were 2nϭ22. Though they showed a high level of similarity in the number of chromosomes, karyotype analysis revealed species-specific chromosomal characteristics. capricorne. The amplification products in PCR generated RAPD analysis of the four species, revealed a total of 315 bands with fragment size ranging from 0.21 kb to 3.1 kb that showed high correlation of A. asterias with A. aterias and A. capricorne with A. ornatum that were also confirmed from the karyotype analysis. Analysis of the nuclear DNA content showed significant variation in the amount of 4C DNA between the three species. The correlation coefficients showed the various chromosomal and nuclear parameters were interdependent to some extent suggesting interspecific relationship between structural and molecular changes of the genome architecture during evolution of speciation.Key words Cactus, Astrophytum, Chromosome number, Karyotype, Nuclear DNA, RAPD analysis.Astrophytum, a small group of cacti from Texas and the Eastern part of Mexico with only four species, are two with spines and two without (Schuster 1990). They are with moderate sized spherical to slightly elongated succulent plant body most easily distinguished by the presence of white flakes on the body surface and their relatively few, sharply defined ribs. Their perfect symmetry along with their ornamental appearance is responsible for their popularity in every succulent collection. Astrophytums are lovingly called Bishop's cap or star cactus due to the prominent wings and ribs, which give a star like appearance. Their striking forms are further enhanced by the most beautiful flowers, borne singly or in masses in various shades of yellow, sometimes with a red center during the entire summer season. Interspecific variations were also prominent in number and structure of aerioles, flower colour and size.Propagation of these plants through seeds or cuttings has been carried out extensively in our centre to cope with the increased demand for the production of large number of plants of this horticultural important species of Astrophytum. But the production of these plants through seed germination is not suitable mainly due to the low percentage of germination and long germination time.

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Section: Karyotype Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Karyotype Genome Length and Nuclear Dna Amountmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nuclear Dna Amount In Relation To Genomic Chromosome Volume mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic analysis of 'Star Cactus' (Astrophytum) Through Chromosome and RAPD Markers

Das

2008

CYTOLOGIA

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“…Squash preparation was done in 45% lactopropionic acid. Scoring was done following the method of Das et al (1993).…”

Section: Interphase Nuclear Volume (Inv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular phylogenetic relationships among four species of the mangrove tree genus Bruguiera (Rhizophoraceae), as revealed by chromosome and RAPD markers

Sahoo¹,

Jena²,

Mohanty³

et al. 2006

RBT

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Analysis of karyotype, nuclear DNA content and RAPD markers were performed in four species of Bruguiera (Rhizophoraceae) of Bhitarkanika mangrove forests, Orissa, India. Detailed karyotype analysis revealing 2n=34 in B. cylindrica and 2n=36 in B. gymnorrhiza was reported for the first time and 2n=34 in B. parviflora and B. sexangula was confirmed. On the basis of the common types of chromosomes present among Bruguiera, two distinct groups were found; one consists of B. cylindrica and B. parviflora and the other of B. gymnorrhiza and B. sexangula. The symmetrical karyotype with same chromosome types grouped B. cylindrica and B. parviflora together and presence of Type E chromosomes placed B. gymnorrhiza and B. sexangula in a separate group, suggesting their closer affinity in their respective group. Analysis of chromosome length, volume, INV and 4C DNA content confirmed this division. Nuclear DNA content was two-fold higher (~17.0 pg) in the second group than in the first (~8.0 pg). The amplification products generated through RAPD revealed 1-9 amplicons with size variations from 600 bp to 2 500 bp with 49.31% genetic similarity between B. gymnorrhiza and B. sexangula and 47.10% in between B. cylindrica and B. parviflora. The high copy number marker band (~ 1 100 bp) yielded in OPN-15 primer in B. parviflora the characteristic DNA marker, which was cloned and used as probes for assessment of genetic diversity, and demonstrated its close genetic affinity to B. cylindrica. B. gymnorrhiza and B. sexangula also produced similar marker bands of ~600 bp and ~2 200 bp in the same primer. All of the cytological, 4C DNA content and RAPD data confirmed the existence of two taxonomically distinct groups of Bruguiera: one consisting of B. cylindrica and B. parviflora and the other of B. gymnorrhiza and B. sexangula as placed earlier (1862) in the tribe Rhizophoreae by Bentham and Hooker, on the basis of the flowering habits of Bruguiera. Genetically, the B. sexangula and B. gymnorrhiza group was found to be very closely, rather than distantly, related to B. parviflora and B. cylindrica. Our results demonstrate that molecular markers together with cytological evidence provide an effective tool to access the existing interspecific genetic polymorphism in mangrove species, to solve the taxonomic problems and to design their conservation strategy. Rev. Biol. Trop. 55 (2): 437-448. Epub 2007 June, 29.

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“…The root tips were squashed in 45% acetic acid; 10 randomly selected nuclei were scored from each root tip in 3 replica. Under oil immersion objectives, mean of the 2 diameters of 372 Cytologia 71(4) P. Das et al each nuclei, obtained by measuring at right angles to each other, was used to calculate the value of INV using the formula, volumeϭ4/3pr 3 , with 'r' is the radius of the nuclei (Das and Mallick 1993).…”

Section: Interphase Nuclear Volume (Inv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Chromosome Number, Karyotype and Nuclear DNA Content of Five Species of Indian Typhonium Schott. (Araceae)-A Medicinally Important Plant

et al. 2006

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Summary Detailed karyotype analysis of somatic chromosomes in 5 species of Typhonium Schott. of the family Araceae was carried out for the first time. The chromosome number varied from 2nϭ16 in T. flagelliforme to 2nϭ52 in T. diversifollium. Chromosome number 2nϭ18 and 2nϭ26 in T. trilobatum and T. roxburghii respectively suggest formation of anueploids during speciation. The asymmetric karyotype revealed structural alterations with 2 distinct types of chromosomes (long and very short types) as evident in different species of Typhonium. Significant variations in chromosome size were observed among the studied species. TF% revealed sub-metacentric long chromosomes in T. flagelliforme (TF value, 33%) and metacentric short chromosomes in T. diversifolium (TF value, 41%). Average chromosome length varied from 2.03 mm in T. diversifolium, a high altitude species (5000-7000 ft), to 8.68 mm in T. flagelliforme, a low land species (70-250 ft). Significant variations were observed in Interphase Nuclear Volume (INV) which varied from 142.05 mm 3 in T. trilobatum to 335.02 mm 3 in T. flagelliforme; nuclear DNA content varied significantly from 0.199 pg in T. diversifolium to 0.833 pg in T. flagelliforme.Key words Chromosome number, Karyotype, Nuclear DNA, Typhonium.The genus Typhonium Schott. of the family Araceae comprises about 79 species distributed mostly in the south-east Asia and north-east Australia (Hay 1993). In India and Indo-Malesian region, the genus is represented by 16 species (Santapau and Henry 1973). While Typhonium divaricatum (Linn.) Decne occurs mainly in the Penninsular India, T. trilobatum (Linn.) Schott. and T. flagelliforme Decne are the commonly found species in Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and Coromandel coast.In T. trilobatum, somatic chromosomes 2nϭ18 was reported (Sharma and Mukhopadhyay 1965) and 2nϭ26 (Simmonds 1954) were reported with distinctly different morphological characteristics among the ecotypes. Taxonomical grouping of some members of Araceae i.e. genus Sauromatum and Lazarum into Typhonium (Hay 1993) was of interest to us. However such groups based on chromosomal parameters, their karyotypes are not available. This paper deals with detailed investigations on chromosome number their karyotype, interphase nuclear volume (INV) and in situ nuclear DNA content in 5 Indian species of Typhonium may provide insight into chromosome behavior and genomic characteristics during the evolution and speciation in this genus. Materials and methods PlantsTubers of 5 species of Typhonium were collected from varied ecological conditions and main-

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Karyotype diversity and interspecific 4C DNA variation inBupleurum

Cited by 27 publications

References 21 publications

Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic analysis of 'Star Cactus' (Astrophytum) Through Chromosome and RAPD Markers

Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic analysis of 'Star Cactus' (Astrophytum) Through Chromosome and RAPD Markers

Molecular phylogenetic relationships among four species of the mangrove tree genus Bruguiera (Rhizophoraceae), as revealed by chromosome and RAPD markers

Variation in Chromosome Number, Karyotype and Nuclear DNA Content of Five Species of Indian Typhonium Schott. (Araceae)-A Medicinally Important Plant

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