Karyotypic characterization of three Chilean subspecies of Liolaemus monticola

Lamborot, Madeleine; Álvarez, Enrique José Varela; Campos, Idalia Valerio; Espinoza, Alejandra Araya

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a109516

Cited by 18 publications

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“…This species displays a latitudinal gradient of karyotypic diversity and complexity (Lamborot 1993) and offers an ideal system for studying the possible evolutionary roles of various kinds of karyotypic modifi cations and modes of evolution in the differentiation of species. At present we can distinguish the following chromosomal races: 1-The "Primitive 2n=32" with 12 macrochromosomes and 20 microchromosomes, considered ancestral in Liolaemus (Lamborot 1991(Lamborot , 1993(Lamborot , 2001(Lamborot , 2008Lamborot & Alvarez-Sarret 1989;Lamborot et al 1979Lamborot et al , 1981 and other iguanids (Gorman 1973;Paull et al 1976), 2-The "Southern 2n=34", 3-The "Northern 2n=38 to 40" and, 4-The "Multiple Fission 2n=40 to 44" (Lamborot 1998(Lamborot , 2008. In previous manuscripts we (Lamborot 1991(Lamborot , 1993(Lamborot , 2008Lamborot & Alvarez-Sarret 1993) hypothesized that the "Northern 2n=38 to 40" ("Northern") race is derived from the "Southern 2n=34" and the "Multiple Fission 2n=42-44" ("MF") is derived from "Northern" race.…”

Section: Liolaemus Monticolamentioning

confidence: 99%

Population cytogenetics of the "Northern Mod 1" chromosomal race of Liolaemus monticola Müller & Helmich (Iguanidae) from Central Chile

2012

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We report the "Northern 2n=38-40, modifi cation 1" race from three localities of the Liolaemus monticola complex in Chile that appears to be chromosomally and geographical intermediate between two previously described "Northern 2n=38-40" and "Multiple Fission, 2n=40-44 (MF)" races. This race retains the same "Northern" chromosomal features, but differs by being both polymorphic for an enlarged chromosome pair 6 and for a pericentric inversion in chromosome pair 7; these rearrangements are present in the "MF" race. At the population cytogenetics level, the mean proportion of polymorphic chromosomes in the "Northern, mod 1" race is relatively high and intermediate between the Northern" and "MF" races, while the chromosome "alleles" in the "Northern, mod 1" race deviate from the Hardy-Weinberg ratio higher than the aforementioned races. The Roger's distance between samples are in concordance with the chromosome races and the proposals barriers (The Colorado river and the Juncal river). The lowest chromosome "alleles" fl ux values (Nm) are between the chromosomal races, suggesting a low chromosomal introgression. These population cytogenetics patterns, plus the origin of the chromosomal rearrangements, and the recombination patterns resulting from chromosomal heterozygosity are compared with the situation of other populations of the "Northern" and the "MF" races previously described. We discuss the possible "Northern, mod 1" hybrid status in the evolution of this complex in central Chile.KEYWORDS: hybridization, Liolaemus monticola, "Northern modifi cation 1, 2n = 38-40" chromosomal race, population cytogenetics. RESUMENReportamos la citogenética poblacional de la raza "Norte 2n=38-40, modifi cada 1" para tres localidades del complejo de Liolaemus monticola en Chile, que resulta ser cromosómica y geográfi camente intermedia entre dos razas previamente descritas la "Norte, 2n=38-40" y la "Múltiple Fisiones, 2n=40-44 (MF)". Esta raza, retiene las mismas características cromosómicas de la raza "Norte", pero difi ere de ésta dada la condición polimórfi ca para un cromosoma alargado del par 6 y una inversión pericéntrica del par cromosómico 7, rearreglos que están presentes en la raza "MF". A nivel citogenético poblacional, la proporción promedio de los cromosomas polimórfi cos en la raza "Northern, mod 1" is relativamente alta e intermedia entre las razas "Norte" y "MF", en tanto los "alelos" cromosómicos de la raza "Norte, mod 1" se desvían grandemente de los valores Hardy-Weinberg comparados a las razas antes mencionadas. Las distancias de Roger entre las muestra concuerdan con las razas cromosómicas y con las barreras propuestas (El Río Colorado y El Río Juncal). Los valores más bajos de fl ujo ("alelos") cromosómico (Nm) se encuentran entre las razas cromosómicas, sugerentes de una baja introgresión. Estos patrones de citogenética poblacional, más el origen de los rearreglos cromosómicos y de los patrones de recombinación resultantes de la heterocigosidad cromosómica son comparados con la situación que prese...

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Section: Liolaemus Monticolamentioning

confidence: 99%

Population cytogenetics of the "Northern Mod 1" chromosomal race of Liolaemus monticola Müller & Helmich (Iguanidae) from Central Chile

2012

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“…A previous study reported at least four major lineages allowing to infer strong phylogeographic structure within L. nigroviridis [27]; therefore, an increase taxon sampling seems recommendable to determine the position of the new proposed taxon (L. uniformis) related to its sister species (L. nigroviridis). The second model, L. monticola, is a saxicolous lizard species from the mediterranean Andes [32,33] and the Coast Range [34] in central Chile from between 600 m to 1900 m. This species displays an extensive variation and complexity in chromosome number in a latitudinal gradient [35,36], with riverine barriers playing a major role in the divergence of populations [37,38]. Phylogenetic inferences show that L. nitidus is sister to L. monticola [3,39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular phylogenetic analyses reveal the importance of taxon sampling in cryptic diversity: Liolaemus nigroviridis and L. monticola (Liolaeminae) as focal species

Torres-Pérez

Boric-Bargetto

Rodríguez-Valenzuela

et al. 2017

Rev. Chil. de Hist. Nat.

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Background: Mitochondrial markers are widely used as a first approach in determining evolutionary relationships among vertebrate taxa at different hierarchical scales. Cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase I are among the most common markers; they are particularly useful in phylogeography and species delineation studies. Simulation and empirical studies show that increasing the taxon sampling has a clear and strong effect on the accuracy of the inferred trees and therefore on hypothesized phylogenetic relationships (and eventually in new taxonomic rearrangements); this should be considered in the design of studies. The lizard genus Liolaemus is widely distributed in southern South America and includes more than 250 described species. The number of taxa and the distribution of Liolaemus species/populations makes them a good model for testing different hypotheses in systematics. Methods: We studied two Liolaemus species, Liolaemus nigroviridis and L. monticola as focal species to evaluate their monophyly and the influence of adding new samples from related taxa in the resulting phylogenies. We performed phylogenetic analyses (maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference) using 141 sequences of the mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome b (cyt-b) of 11 Liolaemus species. Results: Our study show that using intensive taxon sampling for phylogenetic reconstructions, two species (L. uniformis and L. nitidus) are placed within the clades of the two focal species (L. nigroviridis and L. monticola, respectively). Conclusions: Our study confirms the importance of taxon sampling to infer more accurate phylogenetic relationships, particularly to reveal hidden polyphyly or paraphyly, which may have a strong impact on taxonomic proposals and/or inferring cryptic diversity.

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“…According to him, this happened during the interglacial and glacial periods of the Tertiary, and this would have given rise to the 'races' recognized. For Hellmich, the final explanation was dispersal, a statement which was also used by Lamborot et al (1981) to explain the chromosomic variation in the monticola species complex. Laurent (1983Laurent ( , 1985Laurent ( , 1992) also included biogeographic comments when dividing the genus into two major subgroups (subgenus Eulaemus or Argentine group and subgenus Liolaemus or Chilean group), division attributed to the uplift of the Andes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical Biogeography of a Clade of Liolaemus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) based on ancestral areas and dispersal-vicariance analysis (DIVA)

Gómez¹,

Lobo²

2006

Pap. Avulsos Zool. (São Paulo)

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Although many phylogenetic studies have been made on the genus Liolaemus, they are inappropriate for a biogeographic study because of incomplete taxon sampling. Here we develop a biogeographic analysis using a new phylogenetic study of the chiliensis group, which differs from the other studies in having his members fully represented. The biogeographic analysis presented here consists in reconstructing the ancestral area of this clade, under three different methods of analysis: Fitch Optimisation, Dispersal Vicariance Analysis and Weighted Ancestral Area Analysis. The analyses were made on phylogenies from parsimony under equally weighted characters, as well as under implied weighting. The equally weighted tree recovers most of the groupings proposed in previous studies. The strict consensus of the implied weighting trees recovers fifteen groups, but there is no agreement of the relationships between those groups. The ancestral area analyses agree in an Andean-Patagonian origin for the chiliensis clade, and are congruent with previous hypotheses and paleontological data.

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Karyotypic characterization of three Chilean subspecies of Liolaemus monticola

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Population cytogenetics of the "Northern Mod 1" chromosomal race of Liolaemus monticola Müller & Helmich (Iguanidae) from Central Chile

Population cytogenetics of the "Northern Mod 1" chromosomal race of Liolaemus monticola Müller & Helmich (Iguanidae) from Central Chile

Molecular phylogenetic analyses reveal the importance of taxon sampling in cryptic diversity: Liolaemus nigroviridis and L. monticola (Liolaeminae) as focal species

Historical Biogeography of a Clade of Liolaemus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) based on ancestral areas and dispersal-vicariance analysis (DIVA)

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