Kaurenic acid: An in vivo experimental study of its anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects

Abstract

Objective:This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of kaurenic acid (KA), a tetracyclic diterpenoid carboxylic acid, using in vivo experimental animal models.Material and Methods:The anti-inflammatory activity of KA was evaluated in rats, using egg albumin-induced paw edema (acute test) and Freund’s complete adjuvant-induced paw edema (subacute test), whereas the antipyretic effect was studied in rabbits by peptone-induced pyresis. Acute and subacute toxicity of KA were analyzed in NMRI mice.Results:KA showed anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties, and the effect caused was significantly dose-related (P < 0.001) in both cases. The mean lethal doses of KA were 439.2 and 344.6 mg/kg for acute and subacute toxicity, respectively.Conclusion:On the basis of these findings, it may be inferred that KA has an anti-inflammatory and antipyretic potential.

Analgesic effects of an ethanol extract of the fruits of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich (Annonaceae) and the major constituent, xylopic acid in murine models

“…[37–39] In fact, a significant number of kaurenes diterpenes, including kaurenoic acid, are known to inhibit iNOS, COX-2 and TNF- α. [12154041]…”

“…[12] Kaurenoic acid ( ent -kaur-16-en-19-oic acid), a well-known ent-kaurene diterpene, is reported to have different biological activities such as analgesia,[13] diuretic, vasorelaxant, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic effects in rodents. [1415] Xylopic acid [15β-acetoxy-(-)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid; Figure 1] and its epimer, acetylgrandifloric acid [15α-acetoxy-(-)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid), are reported to exhibit anti-bacterial activity. [16] Some studies have also shown that xylopic acid and the ethanol fruit extract of X. aethiopica have a low toxicity profile.…”

In vitro antimicrobial activity of two dibutyltin(IV) complexes of kaurenic acids derivatives

“…Both are natural products common in frailejones species (Espeletiinae, Asteraceae). These compounds show wide spectral biological activity, and have been used in traditional medicine, for example, ent-kaurenic acid has been used as anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory (Sosa-Sequera et al, 2010;Cavalcanti et al, 2006), anti-fungal (Boeck et al, 2005), anti-parasitical (Diamantino et al, 2008) and others. While grandiflorenic acid has been reported with diuretic effect (Somova et al, 2001), uterotonic properties (Villa-Ruano et al, 2013) and anti-trypanosomiasis (Batista et al, 2009).…”

Anti-allodynic and Anti-hyperalgesic effects of an ethanolic extract and xylopic acid from the fruits of Xylopia aethiopica in murine models of neuropathic pain

“…[ 4 5 ] Kaurenoic acid ( ent -kaur-16-en-19-oic acid), an ent -kaurene diterpene, has several biological activities including analgesia,[ 6 ] diuretic, vasorelaxant, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects in rodents. [ 7 8 ] Xylopic acid [15β-acetoxy-(-)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid; Figure 1 ] and its epimer, acetylgrandifloric acid [15α-acetoxy-(-)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid), also exhibit antibacterial activity. [ 9 ] Some studies have also shown that XA and the ethanol fruit extract of X. aethiopica (XAE) have a low toxicity profile.…”