Keanekaragaman dan Dominansi Gulma pada Ekosistem Padi di Lahan Pasang Surut Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir

Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the primary food crop commodities in Indonesia. The need for rice is always increasing every year, so efforts are needed to increase rice production. One of the things that can inhibit the rice production was weeds. The first step to control weed was identifying the type of weeds. This study aims was to identify the dominance of weeds found in tidal paddy fields in Indragiri Hilir Regency. The study was conducted on tidal land owned by farmers in Indragiri Hilir Regency, Riau Province. The study was conducted at four locations, namely in the districts of Batang Tuaka, Keritang, Reteh, and Tembilahan Hulu. The research was carried out using a survey and exploration methods. The results revealed that 12 families consisted of 20 species of weeds in the tidal land rice plantations of Indragiri downstream. Based on the Taxonomy, there are seven species of monocot weeds and 13 dicotyledons. Based on the morphology, there are 12 species of broadleaf weeds, five species of grasses weeds, two species of fern weeds, and one species of Cyperaceae weeds. Ageratum conyzoides and Imperata cylindrica species are the most dominant weeds in rice plantations with an SDR (Summed Dominance Ratio) of 9.57% each.

Diversity of Hymenoptera parasitoid on oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) plantations in Dharmasraya District, West Sumatra Province

“…It is thought to cause differences in the diversity value of the Hymenoptera parasitoid. Based on research by [18,19], the more abundant and diverse the available hosts, the higher the diversity of parasitoids in the ecosystem.…”

“…Undergrowth weeds cause the high abundance of Hymenoptera parasitoid in an ecosystem as a habitat that provides food-stated that the host food plant influenced the population of Hymenoptera parasitoid. More diverse plant species will provide more variety of Hymenoptera parasitoid insects [18]. In addition to providing food, undergrowth weeds and wild plants also serve as shelters during unfavorable ecosystem conditions [6,19].…”

“…In addition to providing food, undergrowth weeds and wild plants also serve as shelters during unfavorable ecosystem conditions [6,19]. It shows that the population of Hymenoptera parasitoids in the oil palm ecosystem is influenced by the undergrowth used as a shelter from natural enemies and the microclimate for the survival of the parasitoid [18]. The more diverse the understorey vegetation, the more sources of nutrition that parasitoids can use as an alternative to sustaining their life in an area of an oil palm plantation ecosystem [17].…”

Biodiversity of herbivorous insects in rice organic and inorganic ecosystem

“…The availability of insect pest in the organic ecosystem that free from pesticides as the best place living for arthropods. Previous research [2,4,6,10] reported that synthetic pesticides application will losing or killing of natural enemies as biological agents in the rice ecosystem. Biological control is very safety methods for serving the best agricultural product that increasing health of consumers and free from pollutant.…”

“…The characteristic of organic farming such as: commonly use the local variety, natural fertilizer and pesticides for environment sustainability. Organic farming based on ecofriendly management because the methods improving healthy environment and giving benefit in the agricultural sector [5,6,7]. Planting rice used organic technique giving more benefit to environment with easy material degradable into ecosystem.…”