Keep It Simple: A Methodological Discussion of Wage Inequalities in the Spanish Hospitality Industry

Abstract

Human capital in hospitality has been widely addressed by applying sophisticated econometric methods. However, for the Spanish case, there was a gap in the analyses as the crucial importance of collective agreements was undervalued. This paper redesigns the conceptualisation of the variables and applies a subsequent new classification to job positions, as it deals with the outliers at different levels of rigorousness. Then, linearised and quantile regressions were run for each case, obtaining an outcome of thirty values for each variable. The analyses and comparisons show the high importance of collective agreements on salaries, the noticeable low values of human capital variables, and provides additional information for the nationality and gender gaps, the latter strikingly high in upper professional categories. Overall, this paper demonstrates the importance of a proper study design to prevent advanced econometric models from falling into bias and it minimises the differences between methods.

Istraživanje Determinanti Plaća U Ugostiteljstvu Španjolske

“…Naime, kod interpretacije rezultata ovih triju varijabli kao povećanja postotka prema dodatnoj godini dane varijable, izgledi su značajni i u skladu s postojećom literaturom prema kojoj njihove više razine povećavaju konačne iznose plaća. Ova tvrdnja jednako vrijedi kako za ugostiteljstvo (Kortt et al, 2018;Ons-Cappa et al, 2020;Sánchez-Cubo et al, 2023b) tako i za druge gospodarske grane (Antecol et al, 2008). Osim toga, varijabla "obrazovanje" neminovno vodi k "neusklađenosti obrazovanja" budući da se može činiti da je više obrazovanja bolje u smislu zarade, ali tržište ne može uvijek apsorbirati toliku ponudu visokoobrazovanih pojedinaca (Burgos-Flores i Lopez-Montes, 2011).…”

“…Indeed, considering the interpretation of the results of these three variables as the increase in the percentage per additional year of the given variable, the chances are noticeable and go in line with the extant literature, which states that higher levels of them increase the final salaries. This assertion is equal both for hospitality (Kortt et al, 2018;Ons-Cappa et al, 2020;Sánchez-Cubo et al, 2023b) and for other economic sectors (Antecol et al, 2008). Besides, the variable 'education' inevitably leads to 'educational mismatch' since it may seem that the more, the better, in terms of educational level, but the market might not be able to absorb such an offer of highly educated individuals (Burgos-Flores and Lopez-Montes, 2011).…”

“…Posljedično tomu, neusklađenost obrazovanja ističe se u proučavanjima ljudskog kapitala kao jedna od glavnih karakteristika koja katkad stoji čak i kao nezavisna varijabla (Ramos i Sanromá, 2013), kao i u ovome članku. Postoji mnogo pristupa analizi ove kategorije, ali općenito, zaključci su slični: dodatno obrazovanje ima mali učinak na plaće u nižim slojevima (Sánchez-Cubo et al, 2023b), prekvalificirani zaposlenici zarađuju manje od odgovarajuće kvalificiranih radnika, nedovoljno kvalificirani zarađuju više (Verhaest i Omey, 2012;Levels et al, 2014b), a prekvalificiranost proizlazi iz želje za većom zapošljivošću (Lillo-Bañuls, 2009).…”

“…As stated before, the educational mismatch is a crucial variable in understanding labour markets (Obadić and Viljevac, 2023;Levels et al, 2014a) and, consequently, within the human capital studies, it stands out as one of the main axes, even acting as the independent variable (Ramos and Sanromá, 2013), including this paper. There are many approaches to its analysis, but overall, conclusions are similar: additional education has little effect on wages in lower strata (Sánchez-Cubo et al, 2023b), overeducated employees earn less than adequately educated workers, while undereducated earn more (Verhaest and Omey, 2012;Levels et al, 2014b), and overeducation arises from desire to increase employability (Lillo-Bañuls, 2009).…”

From Neglect to Progress: Assessing Social Sustainability and Decent Work in the Tourism Sector

“…Informal work [16][17][18][19]; 2. Extended working hours and low wages [10,20,21]; 3. Limited social protection [22][23][24]; 4.…”