Keeping Their Options Open: Acute versus Persistent Infections

Furukawa, Soichi; Kuchma, Sherry L.; O’Toole, George A.

doi:10.1128/jb.188.4.1211-1217.2006

Cited by 178 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…In this study we demonstrate that physiologically relevant concentrations of bile, as well as sub-inhibitory concentrations of bile acids, can alter the behaviour of S. aureus, leading to enhanced biofilm formation by this important clinical pathogen. The biofilm mode of growth is frequently associated with chronic infections as it allows the bacterium to evade host defences, and persist for extended periods of time (Furukawa et al, 2006). Our observation is consistent with the increased incidence of S. aureus in paediatric patients suffering from GERD (Palm et al, 2012;van der Doef et al, 2009), the likely source of bile acids in the lungs of these patients (Aseeri et al, 2012;Pauwels et al, 2012;Reen et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

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Dissecting the regulation of bile-induced biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus

et al. 2016

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Chronic bacterial infections can rarely be eradicated by antimicrobial treatment, and thus chronic infection of the lung can eventually lead to a fatal decline in lung function (Furukawa et al, 2006). This is becoming an ever increasing clinical issue as many have predicted the onset of a post-antibiotic era (Cooper & Shlaes, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissecting the regulation of bile-induced biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus

et al. 2016

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“…The single-cell and free-living saprophytic lifestyle of Pa isolates is determined by and has evolved from a nutritionally competitive polymicrobial environment, and this bacterial lifestyle is minimally affected by the non-CF host during short-term pseudomonal interactions, in which acute and fulminant infection is inevitable (Furukawa et al, 2006). On the contrary, isolates of Pa from chronically infected CF airways have been recognized for their greater capacity to build a complex bacterial conglomerate referred to as bacterial syntrophy, which is an advanced form of biofilm (Qin et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic pulmonary pseudomonal infection in patients with cystic fibrosis: A model for early phase symbiotic evolution

Qin

2014

Critical Reviews in Microbiology

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To cite this article: Xuan Qin (2016) Chronic pulmonary pseudomonal infection in patients with cystic fibrosis: A model for early phase symbiotic evolution, Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 42:1, 144-157, DOI: 10.3109/1040841X.2014 AbstractGain of ''antimicrobial resistance'' and ''adaptive virulence'' has been the dominant view of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) in cystic fibrosis (CF) in the progressively damaged host airway over the course of this chronic infection. However, the pathogenic effects of CF airway-adapted Pa strains are notably reduced. We propose that CF Pa and other bacterial cohabitants undergo host adaptation which resembles the changes found in bacterial symbionts in animal hosts. Development of clonally selected and intraspecific isogenic Pa strains which display divergent colony morphology, growth rate, auxotrophy, and antibiotic susceptibility in vitro suggests an adaptive sequence of infective exploitation-parasitism-symbiotic evolution driven by host defenses. Most importantly, the emergence of CF pseudomonal auxotrophy is frequently associated with a few specific amino acids. The selective retention or loss of specific amino acid biosynthesis in CF-adapted Pa reflects bacterium-host symbiosis and coevolution during chronic infection, not nutrient availability. This principle also argues against the long-standing concept of dietary availability leading to evolution of essential amino acid requirements in humans. A novel model of pseudomonal adaptation through multicellular bacterial syntrophy is proposed to explain early events in bacterial gene decay and decreased (not increased) virulence due to symbiotic response to host defense.

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“…In general, quorum-sensing during host tissue colonization is associated with virulence gene expression and acutephase infections, whereas biofilm formation facilitates the development of chronic infections, evasion of host immune response and increased tolerance to treatments (Furukawa et al, 2006) The importance of biofilm in disease processes in humans and animals is now widely recognized. In animal species, the risk of infection is probably greater than the risk in humans.…”

Section: Veterinary Importance Of Biofilm Forming Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on biofilm formation and its control options

2017

Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Sci

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The generalized idea that bacteria have a unicellular way of life is not entirely accurate, given that pure planktonic growth is uncommon. Biofilms are defined as an organized group of microorganisms living within a self-produced matrix of polymeric substances which gets attached to several surfaces. This review was done with the objective to give an overview on the mechanism of biofilm formation and highlight its veterinary and public health implications and control options. The formation of a biofilm occurs in five stages, stage of cell attachment, stage securely affixing of cells, stage of micro-colonies formation and beginning to mature, Stage of more maturation, and stage of dispersal of cells from the biofilm. Factors controlling cell attachment include nature of surface, properties of medium and properties of the microbial cell surface. Formation of a biofilm is dependent on the interaction between the environmental stimuli and the reciprocation of the corresponding signalling events by the microorganisms. Biofilms are composed primarily of microbial cells and EPS. The importance of biofilm in disease processes in humans and animals is now widely recognized. In animal species, the risk of infection is probably greater than the risk in humans. In human infections associated with biofilm formation were medical device-related infections including Pacemakers, electrical dialysers, joint prosthetics, intravenous catheters, urinary catheter. As food is identified to be a very efficient vehicle for bringing a large number of people into contact with a potential hazard, food processing equipments can be persistent source of spoilage and pathogenic bacteria if microorganisms form biofilm on them. Ideally, preventing biofilm formation would be a more logical option than treating it. The main strategy to prevent biofilm formation is to clean and disinfect regularly before bacteria attach firmly to surfaces. This process can remove 90% or more of microorganisms associated with the surface. Biofilm detectors, acid shock treatment and recently using bacteriophages have been tried. The prevention and control of biofilm formation is somewhat difficult but prevention is the ideal approach even if there are control methods too. The development of better control and prevention methods with better effect need to be given special emphasis.

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Keeping Their Options Open: Acute versus Persistent Infections

Cited by 178 publications

References 76 publications

Dissecting the regulation of bile-induced biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus

Dissecting the regulation of bile-induced biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus

Chronic pulmonary pseudomonal infection in patients with cystic fibrosis: A model for early phase symbiotic evolution

Review on biofilm formation and its control options

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