Keeping time in the brain: Autism spectrum disorder and audiovisual temporal processing

Stevenson, Ryan A.; Segers, Magali; Ferber, Susanne; Barense, Morgan D.; Camarata, Stephen; Wallace, Mark T.

doi:10.1002/aur.1566

Cited by 94 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 173 publications

(247 reference statements)

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“…As the brainstem is mostly developed by infancy, ABR may prove especially useful in studying infants, particularly now with its widespread use in, and availability of data from newborn hearing screening [White, ]. If children with ASD have slower processing in the ABR it could effect the temporal synchrony in neural firing, which may explain the possible deficiency in temporal resolution and the audiovisual temporal processing in ASD [Stevenson et al, ].…”

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confidence: 99%

Auditory brainstem response in infants and children with autism spectrum disorder: A meta‐analysis of wave V

2017

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Infants with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were recently found to have prolonged auditory brainstem response (ABR); however, at older ages, findings are contradictory. We compared ABR differences between participants with ASD and controls with respect to age using a meta‐analysis. Data sources included MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, HOLLIS, and ScienceDirect from their inception to June 2016. The 25 studies that were included had a total of 1349 participants (727 participants with ASD and 622 controls) and an age range of 0–40 years. Prolongation of the absolute latency of wave V in ASD had a significant negative correlation with age (R2 = 0.23; P = 0.01). The 22 studies below age 18 years showed a significantly prolonged wave V in ASD (Standard Mean Difference = 0.6 [95% CI, 0.5–0.8]; P < 0.001). The 3 studies above 18 years of age showed a significantly shorter wave V in ASD (SMD = −0.6 [95% CI, −1.0 to −0.2]; P = 0.004). Prolonged ABR was consistent in infants and children with ASD, suggesting it can serve as an ASD biomarker at infancy. As the ABR is routinely used to screen infants for hearing impairment, the opportunity for replication studies is extensive. Autism Res 2018, 11: 355–363. © 2017 The Authors Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryOur analysis of previous studies showed that infants and children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have a slower brain response to sound, while adults have a faster brain response to sound. This suggests that slower brain response in infants may predict ASD risk. Brain response to sound is routinely tested on newborns to screen hearing impairment, which has created large data sets to afford replication of these results.

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confidence: 99%

Auditory brainstem response in infants and children with autism spectrum disorder: A meta‐analysis of wave V

2017

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“…Deficient temporal processing in ASD has been found in several studies [e.g. 35, 36] and has been related to atypical sensory processing [37, 38]. Reduced benefit from expected timing of trials could be related to enhanced sensory processing of less relevant stimuli [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What to expect and when to expect it: an fMRI study of expectancy in children with ADHD symptoms

Hulst

Zeeuw

Rijks

et al. 2016

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Changes in cognitive control and timing have both been implicated in ADHD. Both are involved in building and monitoring expectations about the environment, and altering behavior if those expectations are violated. In ADHD, problems with expectations about future events have high face validity, as this would be associated with behavior that is inappropriate only given a certain context, similar to symptoms of the disorder. In this fMRI study, we used a timing manipulated go/nogo task to assess brain activity related to expectations about what (cognitive control) and when (timing) events would occur. We hypothesized that problems in building expectations about the environment are a more general, trans-diagnostic characteristic of children with hyperactive, impulsive and inattentive symptoms. To address this, we included children with ASD and symptoms of ADHD, in addition to children with ADHD and typically developing children. We found between-group differences in brain activity related to expectations about when (timing), but not what events will occur (cognitive control). Specifically, we found timing-related hypo-activity that was in part unique to children with a primary diagnosis of ADHD (left pallidum) and in part shared by children with similar levels of ADHD symptoms and a primary diagnosis of ASD (left subthalamic nucleus). Moreover, we found poorer task performance related to timing, but only in children with ASD and symptoms of ADHD. Ultimately, such neurobiological changes in children with ADHD symptoms may relate to a failure to build or monitor expectations and thereby hinder the efficiency of their interaction with the environment.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00787-016-0921-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Given this, temporal processing across sensory modalities is vital for efficient and effective multisensory integration. Indeed, it is common for clinical populations that exhibit deficits in multisensory temporal processing to concurrently exhibit deficits in integration (Baum et al 2015a, 2015b; Bebko et al 2006; de Boer-Schellekens et al 2013; Fister et al 2016; Hairston et al 2005; Noel et al, In Press; Stevenson et al In Press; Stevenson et al 2015; Stevenson et al 2014b; Stevenson et al 2014c; Wallace et al 2014; Woynaroski et al 2013). Simultaneity judgment tasks are one of the most common paradigms for measuring multisensory temporal perception.…”

Section: Low-level Non-speech Sensory Processing With Cismentioning

confidence: 99%

Multisensory Integration in Cochlear Implant Recipients

et al. 2017

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Speech perception is inherently a multisensory process involving integration of auditory and visual cues. Multisensory integration in cochlear implant (CI) recipients is a unique circumstance in that the integration occurs following auditory deprivation and the provision of hearing via the CI. Despite the clear importance of multisensory cues for perception in general, and for speech intelligibility specifically, the topic of multisensory perceptual benefits in CI users has only recently begun to emerge as an area of inquiry. We review the research that has been conducted on multisensory integration in CI users to date, and suggest a number of areas needing further research. The overall pattern of results indicates that many CI recipients show at least some perceptual gain that can be attributable to multisensory integration. The extent of this gain, however, varies based on a number of factors, including age of implantation and specific task being assessed (e.g. stimulus detection, phoneme perception, word recognition). Whereas both children and adults with CIs obtain audiovisual benefits for phoneme, word, and sentence stimuli, neither group shows demonstrable gain for suprasegmental feature perception. Additionally, only early-implanted children and the highest performing adults obtain audiovisual integration benefits similar to individuals with normal hearing. Increasing age of implantation in children is associated with poorer gains resultant from audiovisual integration, suggesting a sensitive period in development for the brain networks that subserve these integrative functions, as well as length of auditory experience. This finding highlights the need for early detection of and intervention for hearing loss, not only in terms of auditory perception, but also in terms of the behavioral and perceptual benefits of audiovisual processing. Importantly, patterns of auditory, visual, and audiovisual responses suggest that underlying integrative processes may be fundamentally different between CI users and typical-hearing listeners. Future research, particularly in low-level processing tasks such as signal detection, will help to further assess mechanisms of multisensory integration for individuals with hearing loss, both with and without CIs.

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Keeping time in the brain: Autism spectrum disorder and audiovisual temporal processing

Cited by 94 publications

References 173 publications

Auditory brainstem response in infants and children with autism spectrum disorder: A meta‐analysis of wave V

Auditory brainstem response in infants and children with autism spectrum disorder: A meta‐analysis of wave V

What to expect and when to expect it: an fMRI study of expectancy in children with ADHD symptoms

Multisensory Integration in Cochlear Implant Recipients

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