Keeping Up With the Clock

Covassin, Naima; Singh, Prachi; Somers, Virend K.

doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.06588

Cited by 31 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Although these clocks function without external input, environmental cues tend to influence circadian rhythms ( Asher and Sassone-Corsi, 2015 ). In particular, light–dark (LD) cycles have impact on the circadian biological clock ( Eckel-Mahan and Sassone-Corsi, 2013 ; Covassin et al, 2016 ). Circadian rhythms strongly control metabolic processes and inflammation responses, and exposure to light at night can disrupt the timing of these processes ( Green et al, 2008 ; Asher and Schibler, 2011 ; Eckel-Mahan and Sassone-Corsi, 2013 ; Fonken et al, 2013 ; Thaiss et al, 2014 ; Voigt et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian Disruption Changes Gut Microbiome Taxa and Functional Gene Composition

2018

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Disrupted circadian rhythms and alterations of the gut microbiome composition were proposed to affect host health. Therefore, the aim of this research was to identify whether these events are connected and if circadian rhythm disruption by abnormal light–dark (LD) cycles affects microbial community gene expression and host vulnerability to intestinal dysfunction. Mice were subjected to either a 4-week period of constant 24-h light or of normal 12-h LD cycles. Stool samples were collected at the beginning and after the circadian rhythm disruption. A metatranscriptomic analysis revealed an increase in Ruminococcus torques, a bacterial species known to decrease gut barrier integrity, and a decrease in Lactobacillus johnsonii, a bacterium that helps maintain the intestinal epithelial cell layer, after circadian rhythm disruption. In addition, genes involved in pathways promoting host beneficial immune responses were downregulated, while genes involved in the synthesis and transportation of the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide were upregulated in mice with disrupted circadian cycles. Importantly, these mice were also more prone to dysfunction of the intestinal barrier. These results further elucidate the impact of light-cycle disruption on the gut microbiome and its connection with increased incidence of disease in response to circadian rhythm disturbances.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian Disruption Changes Gut Microbiome Taxa and Functional Gene Composition

2018

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“…Recent evidence suggests that circadian rhythms (i. e., endogenous rhythms that occur with near 24-h rhythmicity without external stimuli) and timing of lifestyle behaviors influence body weight regulation [20][21][22][23]. For example, evidence from observational and experimental studies has suggested that the timing of…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Role of Exercise Timing in Weight Management: A Review

et al. 2021

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Many adults cite exercise as a primary strategy for losing weight, yet exercise alone is modestly effective for weight loss and results in variable weight loss responses. It is possible that some of the variability in weight loss may be explained by the time of day that exercise is performed. Few studies have directly compared the effects of exercise performed at different times of the day (i. e., morning versus evening exercise). Results from these existing studies are mixed with some studies demonstrating superior weight and fat mass loss from morning exercise, while other studies have found that evening exercise may be better for weight management. Exercise timing may alter modifiable lifestyle behaviors involved in weight management, such as non-exercise physical activity, energy intake, and sleep. The purpose of this review is to summarize evidence for and against time-of-day dependent effects of exercise on weight management. Although limited, we also review studies that have examined the effect of exercise timing on other lifestyle behaviors linked to body weight regulation. While exercise at any time of day is beneficial for health, understanding whether there is an optimal time of day to exercise may advance personalized treatment paradigms for weight management.

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“…The time of day during which individuals prefer to sleep or perform daily activities denotes morningness-eveningness or chronotype. Individuals with evening preference, typically with a later bedtime than those with morning preference, often have a greater degree of circadian misalignment between behavioral rhythms and the endogenous central circadian clock ( 11 ). More evening preference has been shown to be associated with greater social jetlag, which is a phenomenon resulting from shifting sleep timing between work days and free days resembling traveling across time zones ( 12 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Among Morningness-Eveningness, Sleep Duration, Social Jetlag, and Body Mass Index in Asian Patients With Prediabetes

et al. 2018

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Background: Circadian system is known to influence energy metabolism. Recent evidence suggested that evening preference could be associated with higher body mass index (BMI). Moreover, evening preference is known to be associated with insufficient sleep duration and greater social jetlag, both described to be associated with obesity. This study aimed to explore whether morningness-eveningness was directly associated with BMI or its effect was transmitted through sleep duration or social jetlag in patients with prediabetes.Methods: A total 2,133 patients with prediabetes were enrolled. Morningness-eveningness was assessed using a Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM). Average weekly sleep duration and sleep timing were obtained, and social jetlag was calculated. BMI was calculated by weight (kg)/height2 (m2). A mediation analysis was performed based on two pathways, i.e. CSM→sleep→duration→BMI and CSM→social jetlag→BMI. A sequential equation model was used to estimate the direct and indirect effects of CSM on BMI.Results: Mean (SD) age and BMI were 63.6 (9.2) years and 25.8 (4.0) kg/m2. For CSM→sleep duration→BMI pathway, every one point decrease in CSM (more evening preference) was associated with a decrease in sleep duration by 0.054 h (95% CI 0.043–0.066), whereas sleep duration was negatively associated with BMI (coefficient = −0.156, 95%CI −0.288, −0.024). Mediation analysis indicated that a change in CSM (from 90th to 10th percentile, more evening preference) was associated with a decrease in sleep duration and an increase in BMI by 0.102 kg/m2 (95% CI 0.015, 0.207). In addition, this change in CSM was directly associated with an increase in BMI by 0.511 kg/m2 (95%CI 0.030, 0.952). The CSM→social jetlag→BMI pathway analysis revealed that social jetlag was not significantly associated with BMI. A subgroup analysis in those aged ≤60 years (n = 784) revealed that each hour increase in social jetlag was associated with an increase in BMI by 0.56 kg/m2 (p = 0.026) while CSM and sleep duration were not.Conclusion: In patients with prediabetes, more evening preference was directly associated with higher BMI and indirectly through insufficient sleep duration, while social jetlag did not mediate the relationship between CSM and BMI. In those ≤60 years, only greater social jetlag was associated with higher BMI. These data could inform further interventional studies to reduce BMI in this high risk group.

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Keeping Up With the Clock

Cited by 31 publications

References 82 publications

Circadian Disruption Changes Gut Microbiome Taxa and Functional Gene Composition

Circadian Disruption Changes Gut Microbiome Taxa and Functional Gene Composition

Examining the Role of Exercise Timing in Weight Management: A Review

The Relationship Among Morningness-Eveningness, Sleep Duration, Social Jetlag, and Body Mass Index in Asian Patients With Prediabetes

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