Keratoplasty*

Castroviejo, Ramón

doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(41)91194-7

Cited by 24 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…[ 28 ] Another notable ophthalmologist is the Spanish Ramon Castroviejo (1904-1989) who conducted detailed studies of graft technique in the United States [ Figure 2 ]. [ 29 30 ] He popularized the use of direct sutures, and was innovative in surgical instrumentation. Several modern instruments bear his name.…”

Section: The Modern Eramentioning

confidence: 99%

A brief history of corneal transplantation: From ancient to modern

2013

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This review highlights many of the fundamental concepts and events in the development of corneal transplantation – from ancient times to modern. Tales of eye, limb, and even heart transplantation appear in ancient and medieval texts; however, in the scientific sense, the original concepts of corneal surgery date back to the Greek physician Galen (130-200 AD). Although proposals to provide improved corneal clarity by surgical interventions, including keratoprostheses, were better developed by the 17th and 18th centuries, true scientific and surgical experimentation in this field did not begin until the 19th century. Indeed, the success of contemporary corneal transplantation is largely the result of a culmination of pivotal ideas, experimentation, and perseverance by inspired individuals over the last 200 years. Franz Reisinger initiated experimental animal corneal transplantation in 1818, coining the term “keratoplasty”. Subsequently, Wilhelmus Thorne created the term corneal transplant and 3 years later Samuel Bigger, 1837, reported successful corneal transplantation in a gazelle. The first recorded therapeutic corneal xenograft on a human was reported shortly thereafter in 1838—unsurprisingly this was unsuccessful. Further progress in corneal transplantation was significantly hindered by limited understanding of antiseptic principles, anesthesiology, surgical technique, and immunology. There ensued an extremely prolonged period of debate and experimentation upon the utility of animal compared to human tissue, and lamellar versus penetrating keratoplasty. Indeed, the first successful human corneal transplant was not performed by Eduard Zirm until 1905. Since that first successful corneal transplant, innumerable ophthalmologists have contributed to the development and refinement of corneal transplantation aided by the development of surgical microscopes, refined suture materials, the development of eye banks, and the introduction of corticosteroids. Recent developments, including the replacement of selected corneal layers rather than full-thickness keratoplasty, have the potential to improve or transform corneal transplant surgery in the future.

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Section: The Modern Eramentioning

confidence: 99%

A brief history of corneal transplantation: From ancient to modern

2013

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“…Ramon Castroviejo (1904–1989), a Spanish ophthalmologist practising in the USA, initiated detailed studies of surgical techniques and made numerous innovations in instrumentation, many of which still bear his name 26 . These were the fine, delicate instruments that corneal transplantation required, and he popularized the use of direct sutures.…”

Section: Keratoplasty Success and Refinement: 1900–1950mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,25 Ramon Castroviejo (1904Castroviejo ( -1989, a Spanish ophthalmologist practising in the USA, initiated detailed studies of surgical techniques and made numerous innovations in instrumentation, many of which still bear his name. 26 These were the fine, delicate instruments that corneal transplantation required, and he popularized the use of direct sutures. Over the course of his career he also experimented with different-shaped grafts, including a series of 'square' grafts, mainly for keratoconus, which, although many survived, proved to be less than satisfactory from an optical perspective ( Fig.…”

Section: Keratoplasty Success and Refinement: 1900-1950mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10). 26 At the same time, the Frenchmen Paufique and Charleux repopularized lamellar grafting, and also introduced limbal and eccentric grafts, as well as advocating the use of tectonic grafts in restoring structure to the compromised globe. 27 They also drew attention to corneal immunology and the possibility of graft rejection.…”

Section: Keratoplasty Success and Refinement: 1900-1950mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Centennial review of corneal transplantation

Moffatt

Cartwright

Stumpf

2005

Clinical Exper Ophthalmology

115

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One hundred years ago, on 7 December 1905, Dr Eduard Zirm performed the world's first successful human corneal transplant. This significant milestone was achieved only after many decades of unsuccessful trial and error; however, it did not lead to relatively 'routine' keratoplasty success for several more decades. The idea of replacing an opaque cornea had been suggested for centuries, and had stimulated theoretical approaches to the problem by many esteemed physicians throughout history. However, little practical progress was made in the ultimate realization of the dream until the 19th century when pioneering surgeons pursued extensive studies in relation to both animal and human 'keratoplasty'. Clinical progress and scientific insight developed slowly, and it was ultimately due to parallel advances in medicine such as anaesthesia and antisepsis that Zirm's success was finally achieved. Key concepts were enshrined such as the use of fresh tissue from the same species, careful placement and handling of tissue, and the development of specialized instrumentation such as the circular trephine. In the latter half of the 20th century, many 'masters' of corneal surgery evolved significant refinements in technique and instrumentation with the development of corticosteroids, antibiotics, surgical microscopes, improved trephines, viscoelastics and suture materials, that enable this delicate procedure to be routinely performed with the prospect of success. There are still limitations to corneal transplantation, and corneal allograft rejection still poses the greatest challenge to the modern corneal surgeon. In the foreseeable future it may be in the laboratory, rather than the theatre, that further milestones will be achieved. This review aims to highlight the significant milestones in the rich history of corneal transplantation, and to pay tribute to the many inspired and dedicated individuals involved in the development of keratoplasty to a point where the procedure is now a standard tool in the repertoire of ophthalmic surgery and more than a million people have enjoyed restoration of useful sight.

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Corneal Surgery in Children: Past, Present, and Future

Xin

Prescott

2019

Foundations of Corneal Disease

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Keratoplasty*

Cited by 24 publications

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A brief history of corneal transplantation: From ancient to modern

A brief history of corneal transplantation: From ancient to modern

Centennial review of corneal transplantation

Corneal Surgery in Children: Past, Present, and Future

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