Kernel Breakdown Appears When Hybrid Castanea Cultivars Are Pollinized by Castanea Mollissima

Fulbright, D. W.; Stadt, S.; Medina-Mora, C.; Mandujano, M.; Donis-González, Irwin R.; Serdar, Ümit

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2014.1019.14

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…GE can have several advantages compared to alternative approaches. In American chestnut, it allowed us to develop a blight-tolerant tree while avoiding problems such as IKB (Fulbright et al 2014), male sterility (Sisco et al 2014), and intermediate traits (Cipollini et al 2017) that have arisen from hybrid breeding of chestnuts. GE retains all the genes from the wild tree to help it reintegrate into its natural habitat and restore its ecological services to the forest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…None of these early programs succeeded in producing a fast growing, timber-type tree with good blight resistance; every candidate fell short in at least one of these respects (Diller and Clapper 1969;Burnham et al 1986;Anagnostakis 2012). Hybrid breeding can also result in complications, with respect to a restoration tree, such as internal kernel breakdown (IKB) (Fulbright et al 2014), male sterility (Sisco et al 2014), and intermediate traits (Cipollini et al 2017).…”

Section: Hybrid Breeding Programs For Blight Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Developing Blight-Tolerant American Chestnut Trees

Powell

Newhouse

Coffey

2019

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol

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An invasive fungal pathogen has reduced the American chestnut (Castanea dentata), once a keystone tree species within its natural range in the eastern United States and Canada, to functional extinction. To help restore this important canopy tree, blight-tolerant American chestnut trees have been developed using an oxalate oxidase-encoding gene from wheat. This enzyme breaks down oxalate, which is produced by the pathogen and forms killing cankers. Expressing oxalate oxidase results in blight tolerance, where the tree and the fungus can coexist, which is a more evolutionarily stable relationship than direct pathogen resistance. Genetic engineering (GE) typically makes a very small change in the tree's genome, potentially avoiding incompatible gene interactions that have been detected in some chestnut hybrids. The GE American chestnut also retains all the wild American chestnut's alleles for habitat adaptation, which are important for a forest ecosystem restoration program.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hybrid Breeding Programs For Blight Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Developing Blight-Tolerant American Chestnut Trees

Powell

Newhouse

Coffey

2019

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol

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“…However, these programs failed to produce a blight-resistant tree that retained American chestnuts’ growth and quality timber. Besides the difficulties in finding the ideal candidate tree, nowadays we know there are other problems inherent to hybrid breeding that can turn restoration even more difficult such as male sterility ( Sisco et al, 2014 ), internal kernel breakdown (IKB) ( Fulbright et al, 2014 ) and intermediate traits ( Cipollini et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Biotic Stressesmentioning

confidence: 99%

European and American chestnuts: An overview of the main threats and control efforts

et al. 2022

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Chestnuts are multipurpose trees significant for the economy and wildlife. These trees are currently found around the globe, demonstrating their genetic adaptation to different environmental conditions. Several biotic and abiotic stresses have challenged these species, contributing to the decline of European chestnut production and the functional extinction of the American chestnut. Several efforts started over the last century to understand the cellular, molecular, and genetic interactions behind all chestnut biotic and abiotic interactions. Most efforts have been toward breeding for the primary diseases, chestnut blight and ink disease caused by the pathogens, Cryphonectria parasitica and Phytophthora cinnamomi, respectively. In Europe and North America, researchers have been using the Asian chestnut species, which co-evolved with the pathogens, to introgress resistance genes into the susceptible species. Breeding woody trees has several limitations which can be mostly related to the long life cycles of these species and the big genome landscapes. Consequently, it takes decades to improve traits of interest, such as resistance to pathogens. Currently, the availability of genome sequences and next-generation sequencing techniques may provide new tools to help overcome most of the problems tree breeding is still facing. This review summarizes European and American chestnut’s main biotic stresses and discusses breeding and biotechnological efforts developed over the last decades, having ink disease and chestnut blight as the main focus. Climate change is a rising concern, and in this context, the adaptation of chestnuts to adverse environmental conditions is of extreme importance for chestnut production. Therefore, we also discuss the abiotic challenges on European chestnuts, where the response to abiotic stress at the genetic and molecular level has been explored.

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“…Similar to some traditional breeding methods, genetic engineering of plant species is not without potential ecological risks (Wolfenbarger & Phifer ; Fulbright et al ) and corresponding public concern (Strauss et al ). A variety of possible nontarget effects have been and are currently being studied for transgenic chestnuts, including mycorrhizal colonization rates (D'Amico et al ), native seed germination with chestnut leaf litter in soil (Newhouse et al ), herbivorous insect feeding on leaves (Post & Parry ; Brown 2017), and use of pollen by bumblebees (Newhouse et al ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of transgenic American chestnut leaf litter on growth and survival of wood frog larvae

Goldspiel

Newhouse

Powell

et al. 2018

Restoration Ecology

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Biotechnology offers a new approach for the restoration of tree species affected by exotic pathogens; however, nontarget impacts of this novel strategy on other organisms have not been comprehensively assessed. We evaluated the effect of transgenic American chestnut (Castanea dentata) leaf litter on the growth and survival of larval wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus), a forest-dwelling amphibian species widely sympatric with American chestnut, that forage almost entirely on periphyton and litter detritus that accumulate in temporary vernal pools in forests. We reared wood frog larvae on Castanea leaf litter (American chestnut genetically engineered for blight tolerance, nontransgenic American chestnut, Chinese chestnut [Castanea mollissima], and an American-Chinese chestnut hybrid) and litter from two non-Castanea, nontransgenic "control" tree species, coupled with two levels of supplementary food. We observed no differences in growth or survival of wood frog larvae reared on transgenic versus nontransgenic American chestnut leaves. Without supplementary food, wood frog larvae provided leaves from American chestnut (both types) developed faster and grew larger than those exposed to other leaf litter treatments. Results of this study provide preliminary evidence that (1) American chestnut may have formerly been an important source of food for forest-dwelling amphibians and (2) transgenic American chestnut litter generated as part of chestnut restoration efforts is unlikely to present direct novel risks to developing amphibian larvae in the forest environment.

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Kernel Breakdown Appears When Hybrid Castanea Cultivars Are Pollinized by Castanea Mollissima

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Developing Blight-Tolerant American Chestnut Trees

Developing Blight-Tolerant American Chestnut Trees

European and American chestnuts: An overview of the main threats and control efforts

Effects of transgenic American chestnut leaf litter on growth and survival of wood frog larvae

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