“…In general, teachers agree that HOTS learning is important to be taught to students at all levels (Kim et al, 2019;Schulz & FitzPatrick, 2016;Tyas et al, 2019). However, several studies have shown that teachers have difficulty in compiling HOTS questions (Driana & Ernawati, 2019;Ichsan et al, 2019;Jensen et al, 2014;Nurhayani et al, 2018). 21st century skills include critical thinking competencies, problem solving, creative thinking, meta-cognition, communication, digital and literacy technology (Kim et al, 2019).…”