Ketaatan Negara Terhadap  Hukum Perdagangan Internasional

Darajati, Muhammad Rafi

doi:10.24246/jrh.2020.v5.i1.p21-42

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Second, retailers who provide products for sale to customers or other end users. Third, while not having ownership rights to the products being promoted, agents essentially perform the same role as wholesalers (Darajati, 2020).…”

Section: Agency Agreement Effectivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agent Protection in an Agency Agreement

Manurung,

Yunanto

2023

JOSR

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Marketing products through agency business agreements is a common practice when manufacturers seek to expand their reach within specific territories. In Indonesia, this arrangement is often driven by import and export restrictions imposed on international entities. Due to these restrictions, foreign entities, referred to as principals, must engage agents or representatives to facilitate the sale of their products within Indonesia. This agency relationship is predominantly built upon a contractual agreement. In this agreement, the agent commits to representing the principal's interests, including legal representation if necessary. Conversely, the principal consents to the agent's representation on their behalf, particularly in legal matters. To gather insights into this dynamic, a Conceptual Approach method is employed to collect data. It emphasizes the significance of legal certainty within the framework of formal agreements. In Indonesia, contract law protection is founded upon this concept, ensuring that agreements are upheld. In the event of disputes arising from agency agreements, resolution processes typically defer to the terms stipulated in the initial agreement, emphasizing the importance of a well-defined and legally sound contract.

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Section: Agency Agreement Effectivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agent Protection in an Agency Agreement

Manurung,

Yunanto

2023

JOSR

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“…Subjek-subjek yang terlibat dalam kegiatan transaksi bisnis internasional dapat berupa suatu negara dengan negara lain, organisasi internasional milik pemerintah maupun non-pemerintah, dan individu satu dengan lainnya (perusahaan multinasional dan bank) (Lubis, 2021). Oleh karena itu, setiap pelaksanaan transaksi harus tetap tunduk pada kaidah hukum internasional atau hukum nasional yang telah dibuat oleh masing-masing negara (Darajati, 2020).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

“…Selain hukum nasional setiap negara, hukum yang dapat digunakan di dalam pemenuhan Choice of Law di antaranya hukum kebiasaan, perjanjian internasional, hukum internasional, ataupun kombinasi beberapa hukum tertentu (Anggraeni & Rizal, 2019). Jika dilihat dari penjelasan tersebut, tentu perjanjian internasional dan hukum internasional merupakan dua hal di dalam pemilihan Choice of Law yang dapat menjadi jalan tengah apabila kedua pihak tidak menyepakati hukum nasionalnya masing-masing (Darajati, 2020;Pijoh, 2022). Penggunaan perjanjian internasional ataupun hukum internasional biasanya didasari oleh kesepakatan negara-negara di dalam merumuskan suatu produk hukum internasional (Situngkir, 2018).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Kedudukan International Union of Notaries sebagai Organisasi Internasional dalam Transaksi Bisnis Internasional

Sukawati

2022

j. p pengembangan sains h.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kedudukan international union of notaries sebagai organisasi internasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif, yaitu dengan menggunakan bahan hukum yang sudah digunakan untuk sebuah penyusunan dan juga bahasan dalam suatu permasalahan pada penelitian. Bahan hukum yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yakni bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Bahan hukum primer terdiri atas konvensi-konvensi internasional dan beberapa peraturan perundang-undangan setiap negara. Bahan hukum sekunder merupakan penelitian-penelitian ilmiah dari penulis, buku-buku, artikel-artikel internasional yang berkaitan dengan rumusan masalah ini. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode observasi dan kajian literatur. Bahan hukum yang telah diperoleh digabungkan lalu diinterpretasikan, sehingga dapat membentuk argumentasi hukum. Hasil yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Organisasi International Union of Notaries dalam transaksi internasional berperan untuk mengesahkan kontrak yang telah disepakati oleh para pihak, notaris internasional dapat menjadi penengah terhadap sengketa yang terjadi di dalam kontrak. Akan tetapi (UINL) merupakan organisasi internasional yang berlabel Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) yang tidak memiliki wewenang untuk membentuk konvensi internasional yang dapat mengikat negara-negara.

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“…15 This can be clearly seen from the export value of nickel ore commodities in January-August 2022 amounting to USD 12.35 billion or an increase of 263 percent, whereas in 2019, when the policy had not yet been implemented, the value of nickel commodities was USD 3.40 billion. 16 The Indonesian government, in dealing with the problem of nickel restrictions through the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, has issued a Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation, hereinafter referred to as Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation Number 11 of 2019, in which case Indonesia decided to accelerate the prohibition on nickel ore exports from January 1 2020. Which is The ESDM Ministerial Regulation contains a prohibition on the export of nickel ore, which includes levels below 1.7%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of Nickel Ore Export Restrictions in International Trade Disputes

Sekar Arum,

Hariyani,

Adiwibowo

2024

IJAMRS

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The problems related to restrictions on nickel ore exports started with Indonesia restricting nickel ore exports. Indonesia implemented restrictions because the presence of nickel in Indonesia was running low. The existence of this problem makes the European Union feel disadvantaged. Apart from that, Indonesia has issued restrictions on exports of nickel ore Regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Number 11 of 2019. This regulation is considered to have come into force on January 1 2020, from which date all nickel that wishes to be exported must go through the stages of refining and processing domestically, so that what is exported is not in the form of raw goods but not semi-finished goods or finished goods. In this article it is explained that nickel that cannot be exported is concentrate <1.7%. By issuing this regulation, the European Union considers that Indonesia has violated Article nickel quota so it is considered to violate these regulations. With this problem, the European Union filed a lawsuit with the WTO. The lawsuit has been registered in DS-592. Starting from November 22 2019, the European Union and Indonesia carried out the consultation stage, but in the event that the consultation failed to take place, the next stage that was carried out was the panel stage. However, in this case Indonesia lost the lawsuit with the European Union. Seeing this, Indonesia immediately submitted an appeal to the WTO. Indonesia still wants to limit nickel ore so that it can improve the quality of nickel.

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Ketaatan Negara Terhadap Hukum Perdagangan Internasional

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Agent Protection in an Agency Agreement

Agent Protection in an Agency Agreement

Kedudukan International Union of Notaries sebagai Organisasi Internasional dalam Transaksi Bisnis Internasional

Implications of Nickel Ore Export Restrictions in International Trade Disputes

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