Ketone bodies detection: Wearable and mobile sensors for personalized medicine and nutrition

Caño, Rafael Del; Saha, Tamoghna; Moonla, Chochanon; Paz, Ernesto De la; Wang, Joseph

doi:10.1016/j.trac.2023.116938

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Multiplexed wearable sensing platforms capable of simultaneous monitoring these and other diabetic biomarkers are thus extremely important for vigilant glycemic control. Ketones in the body have a direct link to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA, a condition when the body uses ketones to produce energy instead of carbohydrates) and the ketogenic diet . Since the ketogenic diet has been proven to benefit weight loss, its monitoring is needed for personalized nutrition management.…”

Section: Conclusion: Challenges and Future Prospects Of Wearable Gluc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ketones in the body have a direct link to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA, a condition when the body uses ketones to produce energy instead of carbohydrates) and the ketogenic diet. 282 Since the ketogenic diet has been proven to benefit weight loss, 283 its monitoring is needed for personalized nutrition management. β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is the biomarker measured for estimating ketone levels in the blood, ISF, 194,232 saliva, 284 sweat.…”

Section: Conclusion: Challenges and Future Prospects Of Wearable Gluc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wearable Electrochemical Glucose Sensors in Diabetes Management: A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2023

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With the rising diabetic population, the demand for glucose sensing devices has also been on an increasing trend. Accordingly, the field of glucose biosensors for diabetes management has witnessed tremendous scientific and technological advancements since the introduction of the first enzymatic glucose biosensor in the 1960s. Among these, electrochemical biosensors hold considerable potential for tracking dynamic glucose profiles in real time. The recent evolution of wearable devices has opened opportunities to use alternative body fluids in a pain-free, noninvasive or minimally invasive manner. This review aims to present a comprehensive report about the status and promise of wearable electrochemical sensors for on-body glucose monitoring. We start by highlighting the importance of diabetes management and how sensors can contribute toward its effective monitoring. We then discuss the electrochemical glucose sensing mechanisms, evolution of such glucose sensors over time, different versions of wearable glucose biosensors targeting various biofluids, and multiplexed wearable sensors toward optimal diabetes management. Finally, we focus on the commercial aspects of wearable glucose biosensors, starting with existing continuous glucose monitors, followed by other emerging sensing technologies, and concluding with highlighting the key prospects toward personalized diabetes management in connection to an autonomous closed-loop artificial pancreas.

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Section: Conclusion: Challenges and Future Prospects Of Wearable Gluc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conclusion: Challenges and Future Prospects Of Wearable Gluc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable Electrochemical Glucose Sensors in Diabetes Management: A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2023

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“…4 A variety of mobile devices based on disposable blood fingerstick strips have been developed for on-site self-testing of BHB. 3,4 However, these devices cannot provide timely information about rapidly changing BHB concentrations. Accordingly, there are urgent needs and growing efforts for developing wearable sensors for continuously tracking BHB in body fluids toward continuous ketone monitoring (CKM).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…During ketosis, levels are between 0.6 and 1.5 mM, and ketoacidosis occurs at BHB levels >3 mM during DKA. 3 BHB measurements provide metabolic insights for guiding the management of DKA and dietary interventions. It is thus important to measure and track closely BHB concentrations in body fluids for clinical applications, toward the diagnosis and management of DKA, as well as for diverse wellness and nutrition applications.…”

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Continuous Ketone Monitoring via Wearable Microneedle Patch Platform

Moonla,

Reynoso,

Casanova

et al. 2024

ACS Sens.

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Ketone bodies (KBs), especially β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), have gained tremendous attention as potential biomarkers as their presence in bodily fluids is closely associated with health and wellness. While a variety of blood fingerstick test strips are available for self-testing of BHB, there are major needs for wearable devices capable of continuously tracking changing BHB concentrations. To address these needs, we present here the first demonstration of a wearable microneedle-based continuous ketone monitoring (CKM) in human interstitial fluid (ISF) and illustrate its ability to closely follow the intake of ketone drinks. To ensure highly stable and selective continuous detection of ISF BHB, the new enzymatic microneedle BHB sensor relies on a gold-coated platinum working electrode modified with a reagent layer containing toluidine blue O (TBO) redox mediator, β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBD) enzyme, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) cofactor, along with carbon nanotubes (CNTs), chitosan (Chit), and a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) outer protective layer. The skin-worn microneedle sensing device operates with a miniaturized electrochemical analyzer connected wirelessly to a mobile electronic device for capturing, processing, and displaying the data. Cytotoxicity and skin penetration studies indicate the absence of potential harmful effects. A pilot study involving multiple human subjects evaluated continuous BHB monitoring in human ISF, against gold standard BHB meter measurements, revealing the close correlation between the two methods. Such microneedle-based CKM offers considerable promise for dynamic BHB tracking toward the management of diabetic ketoacidosis and personal nutrition and wellness.

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Multifunctional Dopamine‐Based Hydrogel Microneedle Electrode for Continuous Ketone Sensing

Ausri,

Sadeghzadeh,

Biswas

et al. 2024

Advanced Materials

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Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a severe complication of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is triggered by production of large quantities of ketone bodies, requiring patients with T1D to constantly monitor their ketone levels. Here, we report a skin compatible hydrogel microneedle (HMN)‐continuous ketone monitoring (HMN‐CKM) device. The sensing mechanism relies on the catechol‐quinone chemistry inherent to the dopamine (DA) molecules that are covalently linked to the polymer structure of the HMN patch. The DA serves the dual‐purpose of acting as a redox mediator for measuring the byproduct of oxidation of 3‐beta‐hydroxybutyrate (β‐HB), the primary ketone bodies, while also facilitating the formation of a crosslinked HMN patch. A universal approach involving pre‐oxidation and detection of the generated catechol compounds was introduced to correlate the sensor response to the β‐HB concentrations. We further showed that real‐time tracking of a decrease in ketone levels of T1D rat model is possible using the HMN‐CKM device in conjunction with a data‐driven machine learning model that considers potential time delays.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Ketone bodies detection: Wearable and mobile sensors for personalized medicine and nutrition

Cited by 23 publications

References 50 publications

Wearable Electrochemical Glucose Sensors in Diabetes Management: A Comprehensive Review

Wearable Electrochemical Glucose Sensors in Diabetes Management: A Comprehensive Review

Continuous Ketone Monitoring via Wearable Microneedle Patch Platform

Multifunctional Dopamine‐Based Hydrogel Microneedle Electrode for Continuous Ketone Sensing

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