Key Infections in the Placenta

Costa, Maria Laura; Nobrega, Guilherme de Moraes; Antolini-Tavares, Arthur

doi:10.1016/j.ogc.2019.10.003

Cited by 36 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The main histopathological features of placenta viral infection showed signi cant fetal origin in ammatory abnormalities, such as chronic villitis, intervillositis, and funisitis, which occurred in some TORCH agents 17 , such as cytomegalovirus, Treponema pallidum, Toxoplasma, rubella virus infection and other hematogenously transmitted infections through the placenta 18 . Fortunately, in our study, no speci c pathological changes of in ammatory reactions and no evidence of worse maternal disease were present.…”

Section: Disscusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Placental Pathology of the Third Trimester Pregnant Women from COVID-19

Gao

Ren

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Aims: To explore the clinical characteristics and placental pathological changes of pregnant women with 2019 novel coronavirus (CoV) disease (COVID-19) in the third trimester, and to assess the possibility of vertical transmission.Methods and results: The placenta tissues were evaluated by using immunohistochemistry for inflammatory cells and Hofbauer cells, and using severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) CoV-2 RNA Fluorescence In-Situ Hybridization (FISH) and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein immunoﬂuorescence (IF) double staining. All Eight placentas from the third trimester pregnancy women were studied. all patients were cured, no clinical or serological evidence pointed to vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Features of maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM) such as increased syncytial knots were present in all 8 cases (8/8), and increased focal perivillous fibrin depositions were presented in 7 cases (7/8). No significate inflammatory cell reaction was noted in the placenta. The number of macrophages and inflammatory cells such as T cells, B cells and plasma cells in the placental villous was not significantly increased in all cases. Moreover, all of eight cases demonstrated negative results by FISH using a SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA probe and by IF using a monoclonal antibody against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Conclusions: We found no evidence of vertical transmission and adverse maternal-fetal outcomes in the placentas of third trimester COVID-19 pregnancy women, which provided further information for the clinical management of those women in the third trimester. However, further studies are still needed for patients with infections in different stage of gestation, especially in first and second trimester.

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Section: Disscusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Placental Pathology of the Third Trimester Pregnant Women from COVID-19

Gao

Ren

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Studies have noted delayed villous maturation, villitis, cytomegalic cells, necrosis, and calcifications in term placentas when congenital CMV was diagnosed at mid-gestation [ 67 ]. Others have shown villous necrosis, but with infected endothelial cells identified in villous stroma not showing pathologic changes [ 62 , 68 ]. The viral cytopathic effect gives rise to the classic “owl-eye” inclusions, which are seen in only approximately 10% of cases [ 53 , 62 , 68 ].…”

Section: Clinical Pathophysiology Of Specific Infections In Pregnamentioning

confidence: 99%

Placental Immune Responses to Viruses: Molecular and Histo-Pathologic Perspectives

Narang

Cheek

Enninga

et al. 2021

IJMS

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As most recently demonstrated by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, congenital and perinatal infections are of significant concern to the pregnant population as compared to the general population. These outcomes can range from no apparent impact all the way to spontaneous abortion or fetal infection with long term developmental consequences. While some pathogens have developed mechanisms to cross the placenta and directly infect the fetus, other pathogens lead to an upregulation in maternal or placental inflammation that can indirectly cause harm. The placenta is a temporary, yet critical organ that serves multiple important functions during gestation including facilitation of fetal nutrition, oxygenation, and prevention of fetal infection in utero. Here, we review trophoblast cell immunology and the molecular mechanisms utilized to protect the fetus from infection. Lastly, we discuss consequences in the placenta when these protections fail and the histopathologic result following infection.

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“…These include varicella, parvovirus, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, and Zika virus, among others. 63,64 Initial findings suggested a lack of vertical transmission from mother to fetus in pregnancy. [65][66][67] Three neonatal cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection were reported in China, but all were exposed to infected parents and are assumed to have contracted the infection after birth.…”

Section: Maternal-fetal Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19: A Review for the Pediatric Neurologist

Christy¹

2020

J Child Neurol

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Children are susceptible to infection with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. In this time of uncertainty, this review attempts to compile information that may be helpful to pediatric neurologists. This review consolidates current data on the disease associated with SARS-CoV-2, called COVID-19, and information from past coronavirus epidemics, to discuss diseases of pediatric neurology including Guillain-Barre syndrome (acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy); central demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis; infantile spasms; febrile seizures; and maternal-fetal transmission of virus.

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Key Infections in the Placenta

Cited by 36 publications

References 58 publications

Placental Pathology of the Third Trimester Pregnant Women from COVID-19

Placental Pathology of the Third Trimester Pregnant Women from COVID-19

Placental Immune Responses to Viruses: Molecular and Histo-Pathologic Perspectives

COVID-19: A Review for the Pediatric Neurologist

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