Placental Immune Responses to Viruses: Molecular and Histo-Pathologic Perspectives

Narang, Kavita; Cheek, Elizabeth; Enninga, Elizabeth Ann L.; Theiler, Regan N.

doi:10.3390/ijms22062921

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 158 publications

(206 reference statements)

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“…Transplacental transmission of virus capable of infecting neural tissue can have lasting and devastating consequences on the developing fetal brain. A key factor in understanding potential fetal infection risk is whether maternally acquired SARS-CoV-2 can transmit across the placenta, the primary physiological and immunological barrier preventing viral transmission from the maternal to fetal circulation [116][117][118]. The preponderance of evidence to date suggests that adverse neurodevelopmental effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection, at least with the ancestral strain and strains preceding the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant, are more likely to occur via maternal and placental immune activation and downstream impact on the developing fetal brain, rather than via direct fetal infection with SARS-CoV-2 in utero [28,119].…”

Section: Transplacental Transmission Of Sars-cov-2 and Direct Fetal I...mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 in pregnancy: implications for fetal brain development

Shook

Sullivan

et al. 2022

Trends in Molecular Medicine

109

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The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection during pregnancy on the developing fetal brain is poorly understood. Other antenatal infections such as influenza have been associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring. Although vertical transmission has been rarely observed in SARS-CoV-2 to date, given the potential for profound maternal immune activation, impact on the developing fetal brain is likely. Here we review evidence that SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections during pregnancy can result in maternal, placental and fetal immune activation, and ultimately in offspring neurodevelopmental morbidity. Finally, we highlight the need for cellular models of fetal brain development to better understand potential short- and long-term impacts of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection on the next generation.

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Section: Transplacental Transmission Of Sars-cov-2 and Direct Fetal I...mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 in pregnancy: implications for fetal brain development

Shook

Sullivan

et al. 2022

Trends in Molecular Medicine

109

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“…We did not observe any complications such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes or fetal growth restriction in infected group. Nevertheless, in non-infected group, we found gestational diabetes in 1.1% (14) and fetal growth restriction in 1.01% (13).…”

Section: Pregnancy Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…About the way of labor in infected group, 83.3% of the deliveries were vaginal deliveries (59 unassisted delivery, 11 instrumental delivery) and 16.7 % were by cesarean section (14). On the other hand, in noninfected group, we found 77.9% of vaginal deliveries (863 unassisted delivery, 120 instrumental delivery) and 21.8% of cesarean section (274).…”

Section: Pregnancy Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 68%

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Maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective observational study

López

Maria²,

Belen³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Objectives The aim of our study is to present the impact on maternal and perinatal outcomes of the COVID pandemic in our patients. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all pregnant women from March to December 2020 in Infanta Leonor Universitary Hospital, in Madrid. Infected women during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy or at delivery time with SARS-CoV2 diagnosis composed infected group, and non-infected women with SARS-CoV2 composed non-infected group. The infection status was determined via RT-PCR of nasopharyngeal swab specimen. Results 1262 non-infected pregnant women and 86 SARS-CoV2 positive pregnant women were admitted to our clinic during the study period. Within the group of infected pregnant women, they were 49 cases (56.98%) symptomatic and 37 cases (43.02%) asymptomatic. In the group of symptomatic infected women, the majority were mild cases (80.23%). In the group of uninfected pregnant women, the main complication was gestational diabetes 14 (1.09%) We did not find any complications during pregnancy in case group. Cesarean section was performed in 16.67% of the infected pregnant women and in 21.71% of the control group. Mean neonatal birth weight was 3.240 g in case group and 3.210 g in non-infected group. Neonatal admission to NICU was 9.52% in cases while in the control group was 1.19%. Conclusion Infection does not worsen the prognosis of pregnancy in terms of low birth weight of the newborn, but is associated with a greater increase in neonatal admission in NICU.

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“…Viral infections of the placenta include infection by Cytomegalovirus, Hepatitis Viruses, Varicella Zoster Virus, Parvovirus B19, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Rubella Virus, and Herpes simplex Virus [ 29 ]. Today, viral infection of the placental tissue by SARS-CoV-2 is of special interest, since clinical information about the incidence of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is limited to date [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) including Variant Analysis by Mass Spectrometry in Placental Tissue

Sauerbrei

Wandernoth

Kriegsmann

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Among neonates, tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, the majority of infections occur through postpartum transmission. Only few reports describe intrauterine or intrapartum SARS-CoV-2 infections in newborns. To understand the route of transmission, detection of the virus or virus nucleic acid in the placenta and amniotic tissue are of special interest. Current methods to detect SARS-CoV-2 in placental tissue are immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, in-situ hybridization, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and next-generation sequencing. Recently, we described an alternative method for the detection of viral ribonucleic acid (RNA), by combination of reverse transcriptase-PCR and mass spectrometry (MS) in oropharyngeal and oral swabs. In this report, we could detect SARS-CoV-2 in formal-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) placental and amniotic tissue by multiplex RT-PCR MS. Additionally, we could identify the British variant (B.1.1.7) of the virus in this tissue by the same methodology. Combination of RT-PCR with MS is a fast and easy method to detect SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA, including specific variants in FFPE tissue.

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Placental Immune Responses to Viruses: Molecular and Histo-Pathologic Perspectives

Cited by 19 publications

References 158 publications

COVID-19 in pregnancy: implications for fetal brain development

COVID-19 in pregnancy: implications for fetal brain development

Maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective observational study

Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) including Variant Analysis by Mass Spectrometry in Placental Tissue

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