Key mechanisms involved in ionizing radiation-induced systemic effects. A current review

Mavragani, Ifigeneia V.; Laskaratou, Danae A.; Frey, Benjamin; Candéias, Serge M.; Gaipl, Udo S.; Lumniczky, Katalin; Georgakilas, Alexandros G.

doi:10.1039/c5tx00222b

Cited by 83 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 250 publications

(220 reference statements)

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“…Radiotherapy is genotoxic for tumour cells, but affects non‐targeted and non‐irradiated cells through changes in inflammatory and immune reactivity, as well as genomic instability. Gap junction proteins are disrupted and mediators such as reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, cytokines and exosomes are released.…”

Section: Impact Of Neoadjuvant Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiome influences on anastomotic leak and recurrence rates following colorectal cancer surgery

Gaines

Shao

Hyman

et al. 2018

British Journal of Surgery

132

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Background The pathogenesis of colorectal cancer recurrence after a curative resection remains poorly understood. A yet-to-be accounted for variable is the composition and function of the microbiome adjacent to the tumour and its influence on the margins of resection following resection. Methods PubMed was searched for historical as well as current manuscripts dated between 1970 and 2017 using the following keywords: “colorectal cancer recurrence,” “microbiome,” “anastomotic leak,” “anastomotic failure” and “mechanical bowel preparation”. Results There is a substantial and growing body of literature to demonstrate the various mechanisms by which environmental factors act on the microbiome to alter its composition and function with the net result of adversely affecting oncological outcomes following surgery. Some of these environmental factors include diet, antibiotic use, the methods used to prepare the colon for surgery, and the physiological stress of the operation itself. Conclusion Interrogating the intestinal microbiome using next-generation sequencing technology has the potential to influence cancer outcomes following colonic resection.

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Section: Impact Of Neoadjuvant Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiome influences on anastomotic leak and recurrence rates following colorectal cancer surgery

Gaines

Shao

Hyman

et al. 2018

British Journal of Surgery

132

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“…At present, the paradigm is currently being questioned according to which the basic, biologically important effect of exposure to IR is DNA damage. It has been observed that radiation-induced biological effects cannot be explained exclusively by the exposure of cells or DNA to IR, but also concerns the cells which have not been directly exposed to IR (NTE) [39]. At present, it is considered that IR induces a complex systemic cellular response, including the following types of NTE: radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE), radioadaptive response, and radiation-induced genomic instability (RIGI) [39].…”

Section: Specificity Of Female Gametogenesis and Studies Of Radiosensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been observed that radiation-induced biological effects cannot be explained exclusively by the exposure of cells or DNA to IR, but also concerns the cells which have not been directly exposed to IR (NTE) [39]. At present, it is considered that IR induces a complex systemic cellular response, including the following types of NTE: radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE), radioadaptive response, and radiation-induced genomic instability (RIGI) [39]. The common feature of NTE is that direct nuclear exposure is not required for its occurrence, and it occurs within the range of low doses (below 1 Gy) [39]; thus, such doses which are equivalent to the environmental, chronic human exposure to IR.…”

Section: Specificity Of Female Gametogenesis and Studies Of Radiosensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ionizing radiation on the female reproductive system

Skrzypek¹,

Wdowiak²,

Panasiuk³

et al. 2019

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Introduction and objective. The tendency towards postponement of maternity implies a greater exposure of female germ cells to damaging environmental effects, including ionizing radiation (IR). Progress in paediatric oncology, based on the use of radiotherapy, also implies the occurrence of gonadal dysfunctions and subsequent female fertility disorders. Therefore, it seems justifiable to systematize the state of knowledge concerning the effect of IR on the female reproductive system. Brief description of the state of knowledge. A considerable part of studies concerning the effect of IR on female germ cells have been conducted on animals. Their extrapolation to humans is hindered because in animal studies high acute exposures are applied, which do not reflect human environmental exposures characterized by chronic low dose exposure. Studies on animals provide a heterogenous image, which hinders the formulation of unequivocal conclusions and indicates that radiosensitivity depends, i.a. on IR dose, stage of development of oocytes, the applied marker of the effects of IR, or on the species. LD50 of human oocytes is estimated to be below 2 Gy. The effect of IR depends, i.a. on the dose fractionation and the age (older women are more radiosensitive). In females, the effective sterilizing dose is: at birth 20.3 Gy, at 10 years 18.4 Gy, at 20 years 16.5 Gy, whereas at 30 years 14.3 Gy, which is associated with the available pool of ovarian follicles. Conclusions. Within the range of low doses received as a result of environmental exposure to IR, there is no evidence for the occurrence of either adverse pregnancy outcomes, nor fertility disorders in females. These effects may be related to the cancer radiotherapy, or exposure to high IR doses during nuclear accidents.

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“…For example, after exposure of cells to a genuine damaging agent like ionizing radiation even cells (bystander) that were not exposed directly to radiation may endure a significant level of damage with inflammation or the immune system to hold the orchestrating roles [2]. The resulting DNA, protein or lipid membrane damage can evoke the release of various 'danger signals' which can be of various nature and they are often called DAMPs (Damage Associated Molecular Patterns).…”

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confidence: 99%

Systemic dna damage: Mechanisms, effects and mitigation strategies

Georgakilas

Gorgoulis

2016

Seminars in Cancer Biology

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Key mechanisms involved in ionizing radiation-induced systemic effects. A current review

Abstract: Organisms respond to exogenous threats and insults by a potent inflammatory and immune response, aimed at preserving tissue integrity and restoring tissue homeostasis and function.

Cited by 83 publications

References 250 publications

Gut microbiome influences on anastomotic leak and recurrence rates following colorectal cancer surgery

Gut microbiome influences on anastomotic leak and recurrence rates following colorectal cancer surgery

Effect of ionizing radiation on the female reproductive system

Systemic dna damage: Mechanisms, effects and mitigation strategies

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