“…However, there is a lack of theoretical and empirical justification for implementing a value-based approach in healthcare building maintenance [20,21]. Past research in hospital building maintenance was fragmented and diversified in maintenance efficiency [32], benchmarking [33], cost [34,35], audit assessment [19], defects [36], strategy [37], and effectiveness [2]. Recent research trends focus on energy-saving [38], green hospitals [39], service quality in hospital FM [6,40], lean six sigma [41], performance [42], and fire safety [12].…”