Key physiological differences in <i>Candida albicans CDR1</i> induction by steroid hormones and antifungal drugs

Larsen, Bryan; Anderson, Seth; Brockman, Andrea; Essmann, Michael; Schmidt, Martin

doi:10.1002/yea.1394

Cited by 34 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…6a). Using the C. albicans CaSA1 strain, which expresses GFP under the control of the CDR1 promoter24, we further observed that mutation of mir-251 or mir-252 reduced the relative fluorescence intensity of CaSA1::GFP in both the proximal and distal intestine in nematodes (Fig. 6b).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…C. albicans infection can reduce lifespan, and increase the expression of some antimicrobial genes13. In this study, we used the CaSA1 strain, which carries the GFP gene under the control of CDR1 promoter24, to further examine the persistence of C. albicans cells within the pharynx and the intestine of C. elegans . In contrast to E. coli OP50 and heat-killed C. albicans CaSA1, live C. albicans CaSA1 cells accumulated dramatically in the pharyngeal grinder organ, and in the proximal, middle, and distal intestine of C. elegans (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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microRNAs Involved in the Control of Innate Immunity in Candida Infected Caenorhabditis elegans

Sun

Zhi

Shakoor

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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The role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating innate immune response to Candida albicans infection in Caenorhabditis elegans is still largely unclear. Using small RNA SOLiD deep sequencing technique, we profiled the miRNAs that were dysregulated by C. albicans infection. We identified 16 miRNAs that were up-regulated and 4 miRNAs that were down-regulated in nematodes infected with C. albicans. Bioinformatics analysis implied that these dysregulated miRNAs may be involved in the control of many important biological processes. Using available mutants, we observed that mir-251 and mir-252 loss-of-function mutants were resistant to C. albicans infection, whereas mir-360 mutants were hypersensitive to C. albicans infection. The expression pattern of antimicrobial genes suggested that mir-251, mir-252, and mir-360 played crucial roles in regulating the innate immune response to C. albicans infection. Fungal burden might be closely associated with altered lifespan and innate immune response in mir-251, mir-252, and mir-360 mutants. Moreover, mir-251 and mir-252 might function downstream of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) or IGF-1/insulin-like pathway to regulate the innate immune response to C. albicans infection. Our results provide an important molecular basis for further elucidating how miRNA-mRNA networks may control the innate immune response to C. albicans infection.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

microRNAs Involved in the Control of Innate Immunity in Candida Infected Caenorhabditis elegans

Sun

Zhi

Shakoor

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…Expression is increased by gain-of-function mutations in CaTac1p, with highlevel drug resistance occurring when this mutation is brought to homozygosity by loss of heterozygosity (55,324). High doses of the female steroid hormone progesterone transiently upregulate, via steroid-specific PDREs, the same core of closely related ABC transporters induced by antifungal intervention or gain-of-function mutations in the transcription factors (21,185). In some instances, FLC-resistant clinical isolates overexpress the MFS transporter CaMdr1p (232).…”

Section: Pathogenic Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of Fungal Infections

Maertens¹,

Marr²

2007

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“…Strains and Media C. albicans isolates YEM30, SC5314, CA2, 11) CA10 11) and CASA1 with green fluorescent protein (GFP) tagged CDR1 12) were used in this study and stored in culture medium supplemented with 10% (v/v) glycerol at −80°C. The isolates were propagated in YPD medium plates containing 2% agar at 30°C, inoculated into liquid YPD medium (2% tryptone, 1% yeast extract, 2% glucose) and incubated overnight in an orbital shaker (100 rpm) at 30°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retigeric Acid B Enhances the Efficacy of Azoles Combating the Virulence and Biofilm Formation of <i>Candida albicans</i>

Chang

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2012

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Candida albicans is one of the most prevalent human opportunistic pathogens. C. albicans undergoes a yeast-to-hyphal transition that has been identified as a virulence factor as well as a critical element for mature biofilm formation. A previous study in our lab showed retigeric acid B (RAB), a lichen derived pentacyclic triterpenoid, displayed synergistic antifungal activity with azoles. We now showed that this combination also proved to be adequate in combating the formation of hyphae in vitro. In vivo tests with mice demonstrated RAB could markedly enhance the efficacy of fluconazole to promote the host's longevity through inhibiting hyphae formation and adherence to host cells. It was also observed that RAB and azoles interacted synergistically to block the formation of biofilm. Our data suggested the attenuated yeast-to-hyphal switch contributed to the defect of mature biofilm formation. Moreover, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis showed RAB could reduce the transcript level of MDR1, a multidrug efflux pump, and caused a slight transcriptional reduction for another drug pump related gene CDR1. Taken together, our work provides a potential application to combat candidiasis using the combination of RAB and azoles.Key words hyphae; biofilm; virulence; synergistic; Candida albicans Candida albicans is a dimorphic pathogen which undergoes the transition from yeast form to hyphal form according to the growing condition.1,2) Hyphae filaments have the ability to penetrate tissue and escape immune cell recognition, which results in systemic infection in humans.3) Filamentation is also required for normal biofilm formation and development. 4,5) A biofilm is a protected niche for microorganisms in which they are less susceptible to antibiotic treatment and can create a source of persistent infection. 4,6) The development of C. albicans biofilms is clinically significant since cells within biofilm are more resistant to traditional antifungal agents and host immune factors, making biofilm-associated C. albicans infections much more difficult to treat. 7) A C. albicans biofilm consists of a network of yeasts, pseudohyphae and hyphae encased in a self-produced extracellular matrix. The formation of a biofilm initiates with the adherence of blastopores to a surface. Following adhesion, an extracellular matrix is secreted to encase the community of organisms. 4) During the process, yeast cells differentiate into hyphae, and form a stable structure. Inhibition of the yeast-to-hyphal transition could be used as an effected approach to prevent biofilm formation, as hyphae defective mutants have deficiencies in producing a substantial biofilm. 8)Lichens are a useful source of multiple secondary compounds which exhibit excellent bioactivities such as antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral properties.9,10) Our previous study reported that retigeric acid B (RAB) isolated from the lichen Lobaria kurokawae has a synergistic effect to reduce the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of azoles, especially in...

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Key physiological differences in Candida albicans CDR1 induction by steroid hormones and antifungal drugs

Cited by 34 publications

References 25 publications

microRNAs Involved in the Control of Innate Immunity in Candida Infected Caenorhabditis elegans

microRNAs Involved in the Control of Innate Immunity in Candida Infected Caenorhabditis elegans

Diagnosis of Fungal Infections

Retigeric Acid B Enhances the Efficacy of Azoles Combating the Virulence and Biofilm Formation of <i>Candida albicans</i>

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