Khamiras, a natural cardiac tonic: An overview

Abstract

The Unani system of Medicine (Unanipathy), which originated in Greece, is based on the principles proposed by Galen, a Greek practitioner. Since then, many Arab and Persian scholars have contributed to the system. Among them Ibn-e-Sina, an Arab philosopher and Physicist who wrote ‘Kitab-al-shifa’ are worth mentioning. This system has an extensive and inspiring record in India. It was introduced in India around the tenth century A.D with the spread of Islamic civilization. At present, Unanipathy has become an important part of the Indian system of Medicine. Unani medicines have been used since ancient times, as medicines for the treatment of various ailments. In spite of the great advances observed in modern medicine in recent decades, Unani drugs still make an important contribution to healthcare. The Unani system of medicine is matchless in treating chronic diseases like arthritis, asthma, mental, cardiac, and digestive disorders, urinary infections, and sexual diseases. The medicines administered go well with the temperament of the patient, thus speeding up the process of recovery and also reducing the risk of drug reaction. The Unani system of medicine recognizes the influence of the surroundings and ecological conditions on the state of health of human beings. The system aims at restoring the equilibrium of various elements and faculties of the human body. It has laid down six essential prerequisites for the prevention of diseases and places great emphasis, on the one hand, on the maintenance of proper ecological balance, and on the other, on keeping water, food, and air free from pollution. These essentials, known as ‘Asbab-e-Sitta Zarooriya’, are air, food, and drink, bodily movement and repose, psychic movement and repose, sleep and wakefulness, and excretion and retention. The Unani system is a secular system in temperament and is popular among the masses. In Unani medicine, although the general preference is for single drugs, compound formulations are also used in the treatment of various complex and chronic disorders. In the light of the present knowledge, this review is a small effort to discuss the efficacious nature of ‘Khamira’, a semi-solid preparation, which is traditionally used for cardiac ailments, such as, palpitations, weakness of the heart, and so on. On the basis of their constituents these are named as, Khamira Aabresham, Khamira Gaozaban, Khamira Marwareed, and so on. Khameeras are also used as general tonics for other vital organs like the liver and brain. In view of the increasing number of cardiac diseases, a thorough evaluation of this ancient work on Khamira is of special significance.

Evaluation of antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Khamira Gaozaban Ambri Jadwar Ood Saleeb Wala (KGA)

“…This herbal preparation has been traditionally used since centuries for treatment of various hepatic diseases and is considered curative and even hepatoprotective, nervine, general and cardiac tonic. Nair (2006) has studied the protective effect of Tefroli-a polyherbal mixture (tonic) on cadmium chlorideinduced hepatotoxicity in rats and determined serum bilirubin and other enzymes such as transaminases and phosphatases of both serum and liver (Nair, 2006 (Ahmad et al, 2010).…”

Preventive Care for Gastrointestinal Disorders; Role of Herbal Medicines in Traditional Persian Medicine

“…One of the most effective experienced ways to overcome the abovementioned hazards is substituting prevention for treatment (4) and consequently, health policymakers should pay more attention to promotion of preventive care and progressively invest in this filed (5,6). Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM), as an ancient valuable school, concentrates on preventive principles (Osul-e Hifzosiha), especially in the field of GI system (7). Based on quadratic elements (fire, air, water, and soil) and their qualities, GI system accomplishes its inborn normal function.…”

An Approach to the Concept of Tonic: Suggested Definitions and Historical Aspects

“…It remains to be seen which role herbal tonics - no matter from which traditional medical system (TCM, TEN, KM) [13,21,22,23] - might gain in Western achievement-oriented societies, where individuals tend to regulate organ systems (e.g., by drugs or neuroenhancers) [24,25] to increase their performance [26,27]. Whether the hypothesis of mitochondrial ATP generation can be a solid pharmacological basis needs to be examined as well [23].…”