Kidney implications of SARS-CoV2 infection in children

Abstract

Research indicates that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection can impact every organ, and the effects can range from asymptomatic to severe disease. Since it was first discovered in December 2019, our understanding has grown about its impact on kidney disease. In general, children have less severe disease than adults, and this tendency appears to extend to special pediatric kidney populations (e.g., chronic kidney disease and immunosuppressed patients with solid organ transplants or nephrotic syndrome). However, in a fraction of infected children, SARS-CoV2 causes an array of kidney manifestations, ranging from acute kidney injury to thrombotic microangiopathy, with potential implications for increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Additional considerations surround the propensity for clotting extracorporeal circuits in children with SARS-CoV2 infection that are receiving kidney replacement therapy. This review provides an update on our current understanding of SARS-CoV2 for pediatric nephrologists and highlights knowledge gaps to be addressed by future research during this ongoing pandemic, particularly the social disparities magnified during this period.

Spectrum of Kidney Injury Following COVID-19 Disease: Renal Biopsy Findings in a Single Italian Pathology Service

“…Pediatric manifestations of SARS-CoV-2-mediated kidney injury are poorly described. Based on published data, the clinical scenario did not differ substantially from the adult setting, thus presenting high rates (up to 37%) of AKI development, thrombotic microangiopathy, and acute necrotizing glomerulopathy [ 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 ]. Our series, although limited, included two pediatric patients that presented unusual patterns of SARS-CoV-2 pediatric injury, namely MCD and C3G.…”

Langfristige körperliche und psychische Folgen chronischer Nierenerkrankungen

“…Welche Langzeitfolgen eine schwere COVID-19-Erkrankung mit Nierenbeteiligung auf die Inzidenz von Nierenerkrankungen und ggf. die Anzahl dialysepflichtiger Patient:innen insbesondere nach schwerer COVID-19-Erkrankung im Kindesalter haben wird, ist bislang unbekannt und wird weiter beobachtet und aufgearbeitet werden müssen [ 82 ].…”

Kidney complications associated with COVID-19 infection and vaccination in children and adolescents: a brief review

“…The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has affected millions worldwide, including children and adolescents. Although most infected children experience mild to moderate symptoms or remain asymptomatic, some exhibit a severe postinflammatory response known as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) or pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19 [ 1 ]. This condition reportedly occurs within 2–6 weeks after COVID-19 infection or exposure to an infected person and is characterized by persistent fever, inflammation, and dysfunction of multiple organs, including the heart, kidneys, and lungs.…”