“…In such contexts, labour and work become atypical pathways that children resolve the seven tensions in their lives and achieve at least a modicum of resilience amid adversity. Specifically, the research suggests that for some working children, when there are no other valued and available alternatives, their activities secures for them: (a) a positive identity (Bourdillon 2000;Hugerland et al, 2007;Li, 2007;Rubenson, 2005), (b) secure relationships (Huggins & Rodrigues, 2004;Invernizzi, Campos and Francischini (2003) 2003; Kovats-Bernat, 2001;Libório, 2003;Tum, 2006), (c) access to material resources such as money and shelter (Anyango-Kivuva, 2006;Cortes & Buchanan, 2007;Kielland & Tovo, 2006;Libório, 2003;Libório & Pessoa, 2008), (d) social cohesion, such as feeling that they belong in their families and communities (AnyangoKivuva, 2006;Bass, 2004;Montgomery, 1998), (e) power and control, as in the ability to effect change in one's social and psysical envirornment (Baldwin, 2006;Hugerland et al, 2007;Liebel, 2004;Maulden, 2007;Perez-Carreon, 2006), (f) social justice when understood as security of person and future work opportunities (Aitken et al, 2006;Aragao-Lagergreen, 1997;Rubenson, 2005), and (g) cultural adherence when work is seen as something valued by children's broader community (Hugerland et al, 2007;Kielland & Tovo, 2006;Liebel, 2004;Montgo-mery, 1998). …”